A5009178799- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Pediatric Urology and Nephrology Studies
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Sinusitis and nasal conditions
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Surgical site infection prevention
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
2019-2024
Abstract Background Despite the scale-up of ART and rollout in Tanzania dolutegravir, an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI), treatment success has not been fully realized. HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), including dolutegravir resistance, could be implicated notable suboptimal viral load (VL) suppression among patients. Objectives To determine prevalence patterns acquired mutations (DRMs) children adults Tanzania. Methods A national cross-sectional HIVDR survey was conducted 866 1173...
In low-income countries, the empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) without laboratory confirmation is very common, especially in primary health facilities. This scenario often leads to unnecessary and ineffective antibiotic prescriptions, prompting emergence spread antimicrobial resistance. We conducted this study examine antibiogram uropathogens causing community-acquired among outpatients attending selected facilities Tanzania. Method: was a cross-sectional centre-based...
Abstract Background Globally, urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the leading cause of hospital visits, especially among women. In many developing countries, in lower health facilities, dipstick urinalysis is most commonly requested test, as urine culture not routinely performed. The test can potentially reduce number patients who could be treated with empirical antibiotics and burden antibiotic resistance. current study determined utility diagnosing UTIs using a gold standard method....
Background: Hospitalised neonates are at increased risk of carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) and carbapenemase-producing (CPE), possibly leading to invasive infections. This study determined the faecal carriage ESBL-PE, CPE, associated factors among Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional was conducted aged ≤ 28 days admitted MNH. The participants’ data rectal swab samples were collected. Samples processed detect...
Antimicrobial resistance has persisted as a global threat with increasing associated numbers of morbidity and mortality. ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp.) were termed by the Infectious Diseases Society America group bacteria rapid antibiotic development. The aim study was to describe extent patterns pathogens isolated in pus swabs from patients admitted at Muhimbili National...
Background The emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) is significant threat to achieving viral suppression (VS) in the quest achieve global elimination targets. We hereby report virologic outcomes and patterns acquired DRMs its associated factors among adolescents young adults (AYA) from a broader surveillance conducted Tanzania. Methods Data AYA was extracted cross-sectional study 36 selected facilities using two-stage cluster sampling design. Dried blood spot (DBS) samples were...
Objectives To determine the aetiological pathogens causing ear infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients with complaints at a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam. Design Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Settings Otorhinolaryngology clinic Muhimbili National Hospital, Salaam, Tanzania. Participants Patients presenting signs symptoms of infection. Main outcome measure Bacteria fungi isolated from swab specimens infection; bacteria. Results Two hundred...
We investigated the prevalence and patterns of pre-treatment acquired HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in Tanzania as a 'treat all' strategy, virological monitoring progressive increase usage tenofovir are being implemented treatment programmes.Viral RNA was isolated from plasma 60 ART-naive 166 treated-but-viraemic (>400 copies/mL) HIV-1-infected adults attending care clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between June October 2017. Viral genes encoding protease...
Abstract Background Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that rarely infects humans. P. infections have never been reported in Tanzania. We investigated the occurrence of bloodstream among neonates Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and their subsequent clinical outcome occurred 2019. Methodology Blood samples were collected from with sepsis. A total 19 isolated 17 infected neonates; two had twice. 14 patient files retrieved medical records. Results The...
Tanzania has recently adapted World Health Organization antiretroviral guidelines that include integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) in the first-line regimen. However, there is lack of evidence on (IN) gene polymorphisms viral strains circulating Tanzania. In this study, we characterize IN Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, before introduction INSTIs. Plasma RNAs were prepared from 158 HIV-1-infected subjects, including 111 treated, but viremic (INSTI-naïve), subjects. A part pol encompassing...
Infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are increasing worldwide. Evidence indicates that fecal carriage of ESBL-E in pregnancy predisposes women potential life-threatening urinary tract infections and subsequently the risk neonatal infections. There is limited data regarding associated factors among pregnant Tanzania. We aimed address gap by determining proportion with identify related factors.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted...
Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance affects the treatment of several bacterial infections, including pneumonia. This subsequently increased morbidity and mortality rates patients with pneumonia, especially in resource-limited settings. In this study, we aimed to determine patterns multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from sputum samples pneumonia attending a tertiary hospital Tanzania. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. It involved reviewing...
Background Tanzania has made significant progress in improving access to HIV care and treatment. However, virologic suppression among people living with (PLHIV) not been fully realized. In March 2019, introduced a World Health Organization (WHO)—recommended dolutegravir-based regimen as the default first-line regimen. Eighteen months later we investigated viral rates factors associated lack of PLHIV (children adults) Tanzania. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted from September...
The global resurgence of coronaviruses and the move to incorporate COVID-19 vaccines into expanded program for immunization have warranted a high-throughput low-cost assay measure quantify mounted neutralizing antibodies as an indicator protection against SARS-CoV-2. Hence, we evaluated surrogate-virus-neutralization-assay (sVNT) alternative pseudo-virus neutralization (pVNT). sVNT was used among 119 infected and/or vaccinated blood samples, wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (WT) Omicron-variant with...
Abstract Background Ear infection is a common public health problem in developing countries,. There limited data on the factors that are associated with ear infections, which has hastened spread of infections and repercussions including hearing loss. The study aimed to determine magnitude among patients attending Otorhinolaryngology clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional was conducted from March July 2021. Participants signs...
For over a decade, antiretroviral therapy (ART) in resource-limited countries was only recommended for patients with advanced HIV disease. We investigated this group of order to determine any relationship between degree immunosuppression during treatment initiation and the subsequent levels inflammatory biomarkers, reservoir size plasma marker fungal translocation after achieving long-term virological control.We analyzed 115 virally suppressed (female 83.5%) 40 untreated 70%) subjects from...
Tanzania is making an enormous effort in scaling-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to succumb the challenge drug resistance. Evidence on resistance for a national survey unavailable Tanzania. Therefore, we sought assess viral suppression (vs) rates and magnitude acquired (ADR) among PLHIV.A will be conducted from 26 July 29 October 2021 22 regions, recruiting 2160 participants. These include adults ART 9-15 months ≥48 children ≥36 months. A...
Human herpesvirus (HHV) infections can significantly increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and accelerate disease progression. In population at high HIV infection, also termed as key populations (female sex workers (FSW), men who have with (MSM), people inject drugs (PWID)), their sexual partners, HHV potentially compromise efforts to prevent control infection. Here, we investigated seroprevalence among HIV-infected in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methodology. We...