Published data on the existence and magnitude of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in urinary pathogens local setting is limited. The aim present study was to determine prevalence antimicrobial resistance ESBL among Escherichia coli Klebsiella spp from urine samples a tertiary hospital. This cross sectional conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.A total 270 E.coli children adults isolated January March 2010 were included study. E. isolates tested...

Background. Emerging evidence suggests that the mass distribution of azithromycin for trachoma control (MDA) may increase circulation macrolide resistance in bacteria associated with severe pediatric infections treated communities.

Monitoring of antiretroviral treatment (ART) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral loads, as recommended in industrialized countries, is rarely available resource-limited settings because the high costs and stringent requirements for storage transport plasma. Dried blood spots (DBS) can be an alternative to plasma, but use DBS has not been assessed under field conditions rural Africa. The present study investigates performance HIV load monitoring patients who received ART...

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan African countries, including Tanzania, have a high burden of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and limited capacity for the provision services. Tanzania other countries in region made significant improvements services patients with CKD, hemodialysis. Few are offering transplantation services, which is definitive treatment CKD failure. This study was conducted to review steps taken by Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) establish service Tanzania. Methods based on...

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infects the genital mucosa and is one of most common sexually transmitted viruses. Here we sequenced a segment comprising 3.5% HSV-2 genome, including genes coding for glycoproteins G, I, E, from 27 clinical isolates Tanzania, 10 Norway, Sweden. The sequence variation was low compared to that described HSV-1 isolates, with an overall similarity 99.6% between two distant isolates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed divergence into at least genogroups...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) during pregnancy may cause complications such as pyelonephritis, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, anaemia, chronic renal failure, premature delivery and foetal mortality. This study aimed to identify the etiologic agents UTI determine patterns antimicrobial drug susceptibility among pregnant women at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. Retrospective analysis 200 mid-stream urine specimens processed for culture testing between January 2007 December 2009...

Virological response to antiretroviral treatment (ART) in rural Africa is poorly described. We examined virological efficacy and emergence of drug resistance adults receiving first-line ART for up 4 years Tanzania.Haydom Lutheran Hospital has provided HIV-infected patients since October 2003. A combination stavudine or zidovudine with lamivudine either nevirapine efavirenz the standard regimen. Nested a longitudinal cohort study consecutively starting ART, we carried out cross-sectional...

Objective. A bloodstream infection (BSI) is a life-threatening condition. We studied the causative agents of BSIs and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns bacterial isolates at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods. retrospective analysis blood culture results obtained MNH from January 2005 to December 2009 was done. Blood judged be clinically significant bacteria were included. The frequencies proportions isolated analysed compared using Pearson's chi-square...

This study aimed to determine the magnitude of nasopharyngeal carriage, antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution Streptococcus pneumoniae in healthy children under 5 years age Tanzania. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from 300 attending a child health clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital Dar es Salaam, S. was isolated identified using conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Penicillin MICs serotypes determined by...

Abstract Ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to trachoma, a leading infectious cause of blindness. Trachoma is targeted for elimination by 2020. Clinical grading ocular disease currently used evaluating trachoma programs, but serological surveillance be sensitive measure transmission and provide more objective testing strategy than clinical grading. We calculated the basic reproduction number from data in settings high, medium low based on disease. The showed striking...

Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly relied upon therapies in sub-Saharan Africa. Existing safeguards recommended include systematic screening for transfusion-transmitted infections and restricted voluntary nonremunerated blood donor selection. We report infection notification practice at a large urban centre Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Between October 2016 March 2017 anonymized records all donors registered unit were accessed to retrospectively note demographic information, status,...

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is transmitted by close contact, both sexual and nonsexual, infections are acquired during childhood adolescence. 2 (HSV-2), however, thought to be mainly contact. Most HSV-2 consequently expected occur after the onset of activity. Recent reports indicate an increasing prevalence on African continent, but most studies have been performed adult cohorts. In present study, we collected sera from Tanzanian children young persons 20 years old, with at least 100...

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. (MRSA) carriage, risk factors colonization antimicrobial susceptibility patterns strains. The was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Nasal swabs were obtained from children isolated identified using conventional culture methods. MRSA screened confirmed cefoxitin disk multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Antibiotic performed Kirby-Bauer...

Scabies was recently added to the World Health Organization list of neglected tropical diseases. The ability treat scabies with oral ivermectin makes a mass drug administration (MDA) campaign feasible option for control. Ivermectin MDA in communities endemic lymphatic filariasis (LF) or onchocerciasis may already be having an impact on scabies. We examined effect LF prevalence over 4 years eight Tanzanian villages. At baseline, 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-5.4) individuals tested...

Mass administration of azithromycin (MDA) is integral to trachoma control. Recent studies suggest that MDA may increase drug-resistant pathogens, yet findings from prior little long-term impact on resistance. This disparity be linked differences in pre-MDA community-level resistance patterns. We describe carriage prevalence and antibiotic patterns for Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) (nasopharyngeal swab collection), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) swabs), Escherichia coli (EC) (rectal swabs) 1,047...

Babesia is a tick-borne intraerythrocytic parasite that clinically and diagnostically similar to malaria parasite, conferring risk of misdiagnosis in areas where both parasites are endemic. Data on humans Africa lacking, despite evidence it present regional animal populations. Samples were collected November 2014 July 2015 Kilosa district, Tanzania, evaluated for infection. Clinical data laboratory samples (i.e., hemoglobin, rapid diagnostic testing [RDT] malaria, peripheral blood smear,...

Background To eliminate trachoma as a public health problem, countries must achieve district-level prevalence of trachomatous inflammation—follicular (TF) <5% in children ages 1–9 years. Re-emergence TF could trigger additional rounds mass drug/antibiotic administration (MDA), so accurate tools for use surveys assessing are essential. Methodology & principal findings We surveyed 2401 years from 50 villages Kongwa, Tanzania, 2 post-MDA and 1.5 after an impact survey found the same...

Purpose: Trachoma, caused by repeated ocular infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide and targeted for elimination as a public health problem. We sought to determine whether one-time azithromycin mass treatment would reduce trachomatous inflammation–follicular (TF) levels below threshold 5% in communities disease prevalence between 5 9.9%.Methods: The study was conducted 96 sub-village units (balozis) Kongwa district Tanzania which were...

Background The Alliance for the Global Elimination of Trachoma (GET) endorses full SAFE strategy to eliminate trachoma; Surgery (for trichiasis), Antibiotics (to reduce community pool infection, Facial cleanliness, and Environmental improvement decrease transmission). There is no accepted measure facial cleanliness. This study compared two possible metrics Method/Findings Metric one: Clean face was defined as observed absence ocular nasal discharge on face. two: observing a grade dirtiness...

Abstract Background Pantoea agglomerans (P. agglomerans) is an environmental gram-negative bacterium that rarely infects humans. P. infections have never been reported in Tanzania. We investigated the occurrence of bloodstream among neonates Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and their subsequent clinical outcome occurred 2019. Methodology Blood samples were collected from with sepsis. A total 19 isolated 17 infected neonates; two had twice. 14 patient files retrieved medical records. Results The...

Serological surveillance for trachoma could allow monitoring of transmission levels in areas that have achieved elimination targets. Platforms testing basic laboratories or easy-to-manage samples such as dried blood spots would contribute to the feasibility serologic testing. Blood from 506 1-12-year-olds 2 villages Kongwa district, Tanzania, was tested antibodies against antigen Pgp3. Whole blood, plasma, and (DBS) were lab field settings using a cassette-enclosed Pgp3 lateral flow assay...

Introduction: In Tanzania, the follow-up on antiretroviral therapy (ART) response is based clinical outcomes. We investigated virological and ARV resistance mutations in relation to ARV-treated patients. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of a cohort 150 patients taking first-line ART Dar-es-Salaam was conducted. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires patients’ blood samples. HIV viral load testing genotyping performed all viremic Statistical analyses compared responders...

Purpose: To assess for an association between conjunctival infection with nonchlamydial bacterial species and the presence of trachomatous scarring (TS) in women central Tanzania. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from a random sample ages 18 older 47 trachoma-endemic communities Kongwa, Each participant completed survey, provided swab sample, received ocular exam to TS. Biologic samples cultured growth speciation. Contingency tables used associations TS carriage. Results:...

Background Babesia, a tick-borne genus of intraerythrocytic parasites, is understudied in humans outside established high-endemic areas. There paucity data on Babesia Africa, despite evidence that it regionally present. A pilot study suggested was present rural district Tanzania. Methodology/Principal findings cross-sectional conducted July-August 2017: residents case hamlet had clustering subjects with high signal-to-cut off (S/CO) ratios for antibodies against B. microti the study, and...

The difficulty of diagnosing HIV in infants is a major obstacle to early antiretroviral therapy (ART) resource-limited settings. As serological tests are unreliable during the first 18 months life, and cost complexity polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assays limit their access settings, p24 antigen detection has emerged as an alternative diagnostic tool. In this study, performance ultrasensitive assay on dried blood spots was evaluated under field conditions rural Tanzania. Specimens...