A5034720340- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Pharmaceutical studies and practices
- Burkholderia infections and melioidosis
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Surgical site infection prevention
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Ear Surgery and Otitis Media
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
- Oral health in cancer treatment
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Enhanced Recovery After Surgery
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences
2019-2024
Parents are the important implementers on appropriate/inappropriate use of antibiotics, especially in pediatric population. Limited studies have associated poor knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) among parents with antibiotics misuse. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine parents' KAP factors inappropriate Tanzanian children. A hospital-based cross-sectional 14 regional referral hospitals (RRHs) Tanzania between June September 2020. estimated using a Likert scale, whereas...
Abstract Background Bacterial pathogens cause substantial diarrhea morbidity and mortality among children living in endemic settings, yet antimicrobial treatment is only recommended for dysentery or suspected cholera. Methods AntiBiotics Children with severe Diarrhea was a 7-country, placebo-controlled, double-blind efficacy trial of azithromycin 2–23 months age watery accompanied by dehydration malnutrition. We tested fecal samples enteric utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction to...
Background Enterococci are becoming clinically more important especially among immunocompromised patients. Of concern vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) which have both intrinsic and acquired forms of resistance. This work aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns Enterococcus spp. characterize VRE isolate obtained from HIV-infected patient using whole genome sequencing (WGS). Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 57 isolates by disk diffusion method...
Background: Hospitalised neonates are at increased risk of carrying extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) and carbapenemase-producing (CPE), possibly leading to invasive infections. This study determined the faecal carriage ESBL-PE, CPE, associated factors among Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional was conducted aged ≤ 28 days admitted MNH. The participants’ data rectal swab samples were collected. Samples processed detect...
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines do not recommend routine antibiotic use for children with acute watery diarrhea. However, recent studies suggest that a significant proportion of such episodes have bacterial cause and are associated mortality growth impairment, especially among at high risk diarrhea-associated mortality. Expanding dehydrated or undernourished may reduce improve growth.To determine whether the addition azithromycin to standard case management nonbloody diarrhea aged...
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are serious and life-threatening, associated with high mortality morbidity. In resource-limited settings, there is a paucity of data on predictors outcome in patients BSI. This study aimed at examining the BSI as well bacteria causing BSI.This was cross-sectional conducted Muhimbili National Hospital between April May 2018. Blood culture results from all inpatients clinical microbiology laboratory were recorded information retrieved retrospectively files....
Fluoroquinolones have been, and continue to be, routinely used for treatment of many bacterial infections. In recent years, most parts the world reported an increasing trend fluoroquinolone resistant (FQR) Gram-negative bacteria.A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2017 July 2018 among children admitted due fever referral hospitals in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Rectal swabs were screen carriage extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE). ESBL-PE isolates...
Abstract Background Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals, animal products or consumption of dairy products. Brucella infection during pregnancy special interest due association adverse outcomes. This study determined the seroprevalence and factors associated among pregnant women around human-wildlife-livestock interface area in Ngorongoro ecosystem, Northern Tanzania. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional was conducted between May...
Introduction. Carbapenem-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are emerging as a global public-health threat and cause substantial challenges in clinical practice.Gap Statement. There is need for increased continued genomic surveillance antimicrobial resistance genes globally order to detect outbreaks dissemination clinically important their associated mobile genetic elements human pathogens.Aim. To describe mechanisms carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli.Methods. Rectal swabs...
Abstract Background Multi-drug resistance pathogens such as Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) are of great global health concern, since they associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Even in the absence infections caused by these pathogens, colonization is a threat can lead to cross transfer among hospitalized patients. To date data on carriage still limited Tanzania. Therefore, this study aimed determine ESBL-PE fecal rate factors...
Objectives To determine the aetiological pathogens causing ear infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients with complaints at a tertiary hospital in Dar es Salaam. Design Hospital-based cross-sectional study. Settings Otorhinolaryngology clinic Muhimbili National Hospital, Salaam, Tanzania. Participants Patients presenting signs symptoms of infection. Main outcome measure Bacteria fungi isolated from swab specimens infection; bacteria. Results Two hundred...
Abstract Background Misuse of antibiotics has been associated with poor knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP). Therefore, this study aimed to assess if KAP prescribers dispensers could drive irrational use among children in Tanzania. Methods A convergent parallel mixed-methods design that employed quantitative qualitative approaches was conducted 14 regional referral hospitals (RRHs). total 108 participants, [54] working the pediatric population respective regions participated a survey, by...
Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health problem affecting both current and future generations. Development of to the commonly available antibiotics has been directly linked their irrational use. The World Health Organization (WHO) clearly stated on Global Strategy AMR, judicious antibiotic use as well adequate knowledge awareness about important tools in curbing existing problem. Therefore, this study aimed explore level among accredited drug dispensing...
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a major global threat to public-health and are of particular concern hospitalized intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This study aimed at addressing the burden MDR associated factors admission ICU.This was cross-sectional conducted ICU tertiary hospital in Tanzania. Rectal anterior nares swabs were collected within 48 hours screen for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus...
Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the major hospital acquired infections, highly associated with prolonged hospitalisation, morbidity and mortality. In open urological surgeries, little known on magnitude factors development SSI.The intervention was a cross-sectional prospective observational study performed between August 2015 March 2016 at Muhimbili National (MNH), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Patients who underwent surgery MNH during period met inclusion criteria were consecutively...
Infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) are increasing worldwide. Evidence indicates that fecal carriage of ESBL-E in pregnancy predisposes women potential life-threatening urinary tract infections and subsequently the risk neonatal infections. There is limited data regarding associated factors among pregnant Tanzania. We aimed address gap by determining proportion with identify related factors.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted...
Abstract Background In 2017, Tanzania launched the National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance (NAPAR), 2017–2022 and implementation of antibiotic stewardship programmes (ASPs) was one agendas. Since launch Plan, no study has been done to assess its implementation. Objectives To explore experiences prescribers dispensers on implementing ASPs among paediatric patients attending Regional Referral Hospitals (RRHs) in Tanzania. Methods An exploratory qualitative conducted key informants,...
This study aimed to determine the oral carriage prevalence of Candida species and identify factors associated with among patients cancer on treatment.A hospital-based cross-sectional study.The was conducted at a tertiary-level hospital Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.We enrolled 196 participants who consented join study. Oral swabs were collected from all inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar supplemented 50 mg/mL gentamicin chloramphenicol, chromogenic for...
Klebsiella quasipneumoniae is a Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae, distinguished from other members genus through chromosomally encoded extended spectrum β-lactamase, blaOKP. Here, we report hybrid assembled genome novel sequence type subspecies similipneumoniae isolated faecal sample patient with sepsis.
Abstract Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have been linked to severe conditions such as bloodstream infection, with biofilm formation regarded the major virulence mechanism. This study determined genes (VGs) ( icaA , icaB icaC and icaD ) responsible for antibiotic resistance (ARGs) blaZ mecA, aac(6’)-Ie-aph(2’’)-Ia in CoNS isolated from blood samples of 70 neonates sepsis Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We used VITEK®MS (BioMérieux, France) speciation phenotypically detected...
Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance affects the treatment of several bacterial infections, including pneumonia. This subsequently increased morbidity and mortality rates patients with pneumonia, especially in resource-limited settings. In this study, we aimed to determine patterns multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria isolated from sputum samples pneumonia attending a tertiary hospital Tanzania. Methodology A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. It involved reviewing...
Abstract Background Ear infection is a common public health problem in developing countries,. There limited data on the factors that are associated with ear infections, which has hastened spread of infections and repercussions including hearing loss. The study aimed to determine magnitude among patients attending Otorhinolaryngology clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional was conducted from March July 2021. Participants signs...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) stand as a prominent global health concern. This study entails 5-year retrospective analysis, using cross-sectional design to examine microbiology laboratory data of individuals clinically diagnosed with UTIs at Bugando Medical Centre gain insights into the prevalence and factors linked candiduria.