A5088411046- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Plant Toxicity and Pharmacological Properties
- Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Innovations in Medical Education
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
University of Liverpool
2010-2025
Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme
2021-2025
University of Malawi
2008-2018
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis among young children worldwide. Data are needed to assess efficacy rotavirus vaccine in African children.We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial South Africa (3166 infants; 64.1% total) and Malawi (1773 35.9% evaluate live, oral preventing gastroenteritis. Healthy infants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 ratio receive two doses (in addition one dose placebo) or three - pooled group placebo at 6, 10, 14 weeks...
Rotaviruses are the most important cause of severe acute gastroenteritis worldwide in children <5 years age. The human, G1P[8] rotavirus vaccine Rotarix™ significantly reduced episodes a Phase III clinical trial conducted infants South Africa and Malawi. This paper examines efficacy preventing gastroenteritis, during infancy, caused by various G P types encountered first rotavirus-season.
Abstract Background Shigella is a leading cause of acute watery diarrhea, dysentery, and diarrhea-attributed linear growth faltering, precursor to stunting lifelong morbidity. Several promising vaccines are in development field efficacy trials will require consortium potential vaccine trial sites with up-to-date diarrhea incidence data. Methods The Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) surveillance study employ facility-based enrollment cases aged 6–35 months 3 follow-up establish rates document...
Abstract Background Bacterial pathogens cause substantial diarrhea morbidity and mortality among children living in endemic settings, yet antimicrobial treatment is only recommended for dysentery or suspected cholera. Methods AntiBiotics Children with severe Diarrhea was a 7-country, placebo-controlled, double-blind efficacy trial of azithromycin 2–23 months age watery accompanied by dehydration malnutrition. We tested fecal samples enteric utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction to...
Background. The World Health Organization recommends that infants at high risk for developing measles before 9 months of age, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected infants, receive vaccination (MV) 6 and age.
World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines do not recommend routine antibiotic use for children with acute watery diarrhea. However, recent studies suggest that a significant proportion of such episodes have bacterial cause and are associated mortality growth impairment, especially among at high risk diarrhea-associated mortality. Expanding dehydrated or undernourished may reduce improve growth.To determine whether the addition azithromycin to standard case management nonbloody diarrhea aged...
Rotavirus vaccines reduce rotavirus-related deaths and hospitalisations but are less effective in high child mortality countries. The human RV3-BB neonatal G3P[6] rotavirus vaccine administered a schedule was efficacious reducing severe gastroenteritis Indonesia had not yet been evaluated African infants.We did phase 2, randomised, double-blind, parallel group dose-ranging study of three doses oral infants primary health centres Blantyre, Malawi. Healthy than 6 days age with birthweight 2·5...
Rigorous data management systems and planning are essential to successful research projects, especially for large, multicountry consortium studies involving partnerships across multiple institutions. Here we describe the development implementation of procedures Enterics For Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study-a 7-country diarrhea study that will conduct facility-based concurrent with population-based enumeration a health care utilization survey estimate incidence...
Abstract Rotavirus vaccines are less effective in high mortality regions. A rotavirus vaccine administered at birth may overcome challenges to uptake posed by a complex gut microbiome. We investigated the association between microbiome and responses following RV3-BB (G3P[6]) neonatal schedule (dose 1: 0-5 days), or infant 6-8 weeks) Indonesia (Phase 2b efficacy study) ( n = 478 samples/193 infants) (ACTRN12612001282875) Malawi (Immunigenicity (n 355 samples/186 (NCT03483116). Vaccine...
Abstract Background Malawi is among 7 countries participating in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study, which aims to determine incidence of medically attended diarrhea attributed Shigella, a leading bacterial cause children low-resource settings. Methods We describe EFGH study site densely populated informal settlement Ndirande Township, Blantyre, Malawi. explore site’s geographical location, demographic characteristics, and healthcare-seeking behavior its...
High titres of rotavirus-specific maternal antibodies may contribute to lower rotavirus vaccine efficacy in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). RV3-BB (G3P[6]) is based on a neonatal strain that replicates well the newborn gut presence breast milk. This study investigated association between serum response infants administered vaccine. Serum was collected antenatally from mothers 561 enrolled Phase II conducted Blantyre, Malawi, analysed for IgA IgG using enzyme-linked immunosorbent...
Comparative costs of public health interventions provide valuable data for decision making. However, the availability comprehensive and context-specific is often limited. The Enterics Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study-a facility-based diarrhea study across 7 countries-aims to generate evidence on system household associated with medically attended in children. EFGH working groups comprising representatives from each country (Bangladesh, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Pakistan, Peru,...
Previously, we demonstrated that measles antibody prevalence was lower at age 12 months among children infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than uninfected following vaccination (MV) ages 6 and 9 months. Among HIV-uninfected children, 1- 2-dose MV recipients. Here, report results through 24 months.Children born to HIV-infected mothers received months, of were randomized or We followed The child's HIV status determined immunoglobulin G (IgG) level measured by enzyme immunoassay...
Clinical trials in children resource-poor environments are essential for local health policy and practice to be relevant evidence based. Research must ethical, appropriate, of good quality. It should, where possible, benefit the subjects studied,the clinical, scientific support staff involved, service academic institutions host country. The challenge researchers their sponsors is maximise such benefits while avoiding many possible pitfalls.
In a phase III trial, the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine produced lower anti-circumsporozoite (CS) antibody titers when co-administered with Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines (0-, 1- and 2-month schedule) at 6 to 12 weeks compared 5 17 months first vaccination. Alternative infant immunization schedules within were investigated.This II, open, single-site (Blantyre, Malawi) trial was conducted in infants 1 7 days of age. Subjects equally randomized across groups receive 3 doses...
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has resulted in a high number of cases, but relatively low incidence severe disease and deaths, compared to the pre-Omicron variants. Therefore, we assessed differences symptom prevalence between infections sub-Saharan African population. We collected data from outpatients presenting at two primary healthcare facilities Blantyre, Malawi, November 2020 March 2022. Eligible participants were aged >1month old, with signs suggestive COVID-19, those not suspected...
ABSTRACT Background It is widely reported that the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has resulted in high number of cases, but relatively low incidence severe disease and deaths, compared to pre-Omicron variants concern. We aim assess differences symptom prevalence between infections a sub-Saharan African population. Methods In this cross-sectional observational study, we collected data from children adult outpatients presenting at two primary healthcare facilities Blantyre, Malawi. Eligible...
Rotavirus is a leading cause of acute gastro-enteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Previous studies rotavirus Malawi have documented high disease burden with an extensive diversity circulating strains.In anticipation the introduction national vaccination, 2-year surveillance study was undertaken 2008 2009 Blantyre seeking hospital care for gastro-enteritis. detected faecal specimens by ELISA. G P types were determined RT-PCR.Rotavirus, which circulated throughout year, 220/720...
The long-term antibody response to measles vaccine (MV) administered at age 6 months with or without subsequent doses is not well documented.Measles serum responses were evaluated after a supplemental dose of (sMV) median 20 among Malawian children who had previously received 2 ages and 9 (HIV-infected random sample HIV-uninfected) 1 (random HIV-uninfected). We compared seropositivity between groups by enzyme linked immunoassay seroprotection plaque reduction neutralization geometric mean...
Background: The human neonatal G3P[6] rotavirus vaccine RV3-BB administered in a schedule was efficacious reducing severe gastroenteritis Indonesia but has not yet been evaluated African infants.Methods: Phase II, randomized, double-blind, four-arm parallel group study of oral with three doses at titre 1.0 × 107, 3.0 106 or FFU/mL neonate 107 an infant schedule. In total, 711 participants were recruited between August 2018 and January 2020 from Primary Health Centres Blantyre, Malawi....