Nanometer-scale optical imperfections challenge coherent X-ray beam applications, even with advancements in synchrotron facilities, such as the upgraded Advanced Photon Source. Piezoelectric bimorph mirrors offer adaptive control but face limitations from nonlinearities crosstalk, creep, and hysteresis. This work introduces a real-time, feedback-free controller inspired by PID scheme powered tandem neural networks (TNN). Using task-specific datasets, TNN-based system predicts actuator...

A new method for beamline simulation combining ray-tracing and wavefront propagation is described. The `Hybrid Method' computes diffraction effects when the beam clipped by an aperture or mirror length can also simulate effect of figure errors in optical elements present. different spatial frequencies on image compared with SHADOW results pointing to limitations latter. code has been benchmarked against multi-electron version SRW one dimension show its validity case fully, partially...

Nanometer-scale optical imperfections challenge coherent X-ray beam applications, even with advancements in synchrotron facilities, such as the upgraded Advanced Photon Source. Piezoelectric bimorph mirrors offer adaptive control but face limitations from nonlinearities crosstalk, creep, and hysteresis. This work introduces a real-time, feedback-free controller inspired by PID scheme powered tandem neural networks (TNN). Using task-specific datasets, TNN-based system predicts actuator...

Nanometer-scale optical imperfections challenge coherent X-ray beam applications, even with advancements in synchrotron facilities, such as the upgraded Advanced Photon Source. Piezoelectric bimorph mirrors offer adaptive control but face limitations from nonlinearities crosstalk, creep, and hysteresis. This work introduces a real-time, feedback-free controller inspired by PID scheme powered tandem neural networks (TNN). Using task-specific datasets, TNN-based system predicts actuator...

Scanning fluorescence X-ray microscopy lets one non-destructively and quantitatively map the distribution of most biologically-important metals in cells tissues. For studies on large-scale tissues organs, a spatial resolution several micrometers is often sufficient; this case, bending magnets at synchrotron light sources provide abundant flux. We describe here use magnet beamline 8-BM-B Advanced Photon Source (APS) with two distinct stations: pre-existing Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror optics...

Nanometer-scale optical imperfections challenge coherent X-ray beam applications, even with advancements in synchrotron facilities, such as the upgraded Advanced Photon Source. Piezoelectric bimorph mirrors offer adaptive control but face limitations from nonlinearities crosstalk, creep, and hysteresis. This work introduces a real-time, feedback-free controller inspired by PID scheme powered tandem neural networks (TNN). Using task-specific datasets, TNN-based system predicts actuator...

This article describes the development and testing of a novel, water-cooled, active optic mirror system (called "REAL: Resistive Element Adjustable Length") that combines cooling with applied auxiliary heating, tailored to spatial distribution thermal load generated by incident beam. technique is theoretically capable sub-nanometer surface figure error control even at high power density. Tests conducted in an optical metrology laboratory synchrotron X-ray beamlines showed ability maintain...

We introduce a coded-mask-based multi-contrast imaging method for high-resolution phase-contrast and dark-field imaging. The uses binary phase mask designed to provide an ultra-high-contrast pattern reference-free single-shot measurement algorithm based on maximum-likelihood optimization automatic differentiation perform simultaneous reconstruction of absorption, phase, object images. Further, we demonstrate that the has great potential real-time quantitative wavefront sensing when combined...

A neural-network machine learning model is developed to control a bimorph adaptive mirror achieve and preserve aberration-free coherent X-ray wavefronts at synchrotron radiation free electron laser beamlines. The controller trained on actuator response directly measured beamline with real-time single-shot wavefront sensor, which uses coded mask wavelet-transform analysis. system has been successfully tested deformable the 28-ID IDEA of Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory. It...

The X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II is a multi-purpose high-energy diffraction with high throughput and resolution. uses sagittally bent double-Laue crystal monochromator to provide X-rays over large energy range (30-70 keV). In this paper optical design calculated performance of XPD are presented. damping wiggler source simulated by SRW code filter system designed optimize photon flux as well reduce heat load on first optics. final under...

We developed a portable X-ray grating interferometer setup as standard tool for testing optics at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) beamline 1-BM. The can be operated in phase-stepping, Moiré, or single-grating harmonic imaging mode with 1-D 2-D gratings. All of motions are motorized; hence, it is much easier and quicker to switch between different modes operation. A novel aspect this new instrument its designed portability. While primarily used 1-BM, could potentially deployed other APS...

X-ray phase-contrast imaging has become indispensable for visualizing samples with low absorption contrast. In this regard, speckle-based techniques have shown significant advantages in spatial resolution, phase sensitivity, and implementation flexibility compared traditional methods. However, the computational cost associated data inversion hindered their wider adoption. By exploiting power of deep learning, we developed a neural network (SPINNet) that significantly improves quality boosts...

A cavity-based X-ray free-electron laser (CBXFEL) is a possible future direction in the development of fully coherent sources. CBXFELs consist low-emittance electron source, magnet system with several undulators and chicanes, an cavity. The cavity stores circulates pulses for repeated FEL interactions until reaches saturation. CBXFEL cavities require low-loss wavefront-preserving optical components: near-100%-reflectivity diamond Bragg-reflecting crystals, outcoupling devices such as thin...

Transverse coherence of the x-ray beam from a bending magnet source was studied along multiple directions using 2-D π/2 phase grating by measuring interferogram visibilities at different distances behind grating. These measurements suggest that preferred orientation checkerboard is diagonal square blocks, where interferograms have higher visibility and are not sensitive to deviation duty cycle period. observations verified thorough wavefront propagation simulations. The accuracy measured...

A circular grating interferometer was used to map the transverse coherence area of an X-ray beam. Due radial symmetry grating, lengths along all directions were obtained simultaneously by measuring visibility decay interferograms recorded at different distances behind a single π/2 phase grating. The technique is model-free and provides direct measurement complex factor use also enables unique capability source shape profile. Sensitivity this demonstrated detecting small tilt few degrees.

The equations for calculating diffraction profiles bent crystals are revisited both meridional and sagittal bending. Two approximated methods computing treated: multilamellar Penning-Polder. A common treatment of crystal anisotropy is included in these models. formulation presented implemented into the XOP package, completing updating module that simulates perfect, mosaic now distorted by elastic

Different approaches to simulate a modern X-ray beamline are considered. Several methodologies with increasing complexity applied discuss the relevant parameters that quantify performance. Parameters such as flux, dimensions and intensity distribution of focused beam, coherence properties obtained from simple analytical calculations sophisticated computer simulations using ray-tracing wave optics techniques. A latest-generation nanofocusing for coherent applications (ID16A at ESRF) has been...

We introduce a new X-ray speckle-vector tracking method for phase imaging, which is based on the wavelet transform. Theoretical and experimental results show that this method, called wavelet-transform-based (WSVT), has stronger noise robustness higher efficiency compared with cross-correlation-based method. In addition, WSVT controllable reduction can be applied fewer scan steps. These unique features make suitable measurements of large image sizes shifts, possibly under low-flux conditions,...

We describe the application of an AI-driven system to autonomously align complex x-ray-focusing mirror systems, including mirrors systems with variable focus spot sizes. The has been developed and studied on a digital twin nanofocusing X-ray beamlines, built using advanced optical simulation tools calibrated wavefront sensing data collected at beamline.We experimentally demonstrated that is reliably capable positioning focused beam sample, both by simulating variation beamline random...

An open-source database containing metrology data for X-ray mirrors is presented. It makes available (mirror heights and slopes profiles) that can be used with simulation tools calculating the effects of optical surface errors in performances an instrument, such as a synchrotron beamline. A typical case degradation intensity profile at focal position beamline due to mirror errors. This (DABAM) aims provide users real mirrors. The included are described this paper, details how parameters...

The OASYS suite and its powerful integration features are used to implement a ray-tracing algorithm accurately calculate the thermal load in any component of an undulator-based synchrotron beamline. This is achieved by sampling converting SRW source given energy into Shadow using latter code ray trace full accuracy proved reconstructing undulator radiation distribution through aperture comparing result with direct calculaton total power SRW. particularly suited analyze cases complex beamline...

Performance tests of parabolic beryllium refractive lenses, considered as X-ray focusing elements in the future free-electron laser oscillator (XFELO), are reported. Single and double lenses were subject to tests, which included: surface profile, transmissivity measurements, imaging capabilities wavefront distortion with grating interferometry. Optical metrology revealed that profiles close design specification terms figure roughness. The is >94% at 8 keV >98% 14.4 18 keV. These values...

Beamline 1-BM at the APS has been reconfigured in part for testing of synchrotron optics with both monochromatic and white beams. Operational since 2013, it was to accommodate users as well from other DOE facilities. Energies between 6 28 keV are available. The beamline remove two large mirrors provide a 100 mm wide beam 54 m source. In addition custom shutter implemented topography exposures short 65 millisec over full available horizontal width. Primary agendas include topography, Talbot...