Mark Fajans
A5073457434- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Reproductive tract infections research
University of Washington
2023-2024
Seattle University
2023
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2020-2022
New York University
2013-2014
Abstract Background The evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) inform strategies reduce transmission. Methods recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed their contacts in Utah Wisconsin during 22 March 2020–25 April 2020. interviewed all obtain demographics medical histories. At initial visit, 14 days later,...
To better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding and infectivity, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA duration, described participant characteristics associated with the first negative rRT-PCR test (resolution), determined if replication-competent viruses was recoverable ≥10 days after symptom onset.We collected serial nasopharyngeal specimens from 109 individuals rRT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in Utah Wisconsin. We calculated viral resolution probability using...
Limited data exist on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children. We described infection rates and symptom profiles among pediatric household contacts of individuals with disease 2019.We enrolled 2019 their contacts, assessed daily symptoms prospectively for 14 days, obtained specimens real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction serology testing. Among (<18 years), we transmission, the risk factors infection, calculated positive negative predictive values....
Improved understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spectrum disease is essential for clinical and public health interventions. There are limited data on mild or asymptomatic infections, but recognition these individuals key as they contribute to viral transmission. We describe the symptom profiles from with SARS-CoV-2 infection.From 22 March April 2020 in Wisconsin Utah, we enrolled prospectively observed 198 household contacts exposed SARS-CoV-2....
Criterion-standard specimens for tuberculosis diagnosis in young children, gastric aspirate (GA) and induced sputum, are invasive rarely collected resource-limited settings. A far less approach to diagnostic testing children younger than 5 years as sensitive current reference standards is important identify.To characterize the sensitivity of preferably minimally specimen assay combinations relative maximum observed yield from all assays combined.In this prospective cross-sectional study,...
Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a promising target biomarker for diagnosing subclinical and clinical tuberculosis (TB). Urine LAM (uLAM) testing using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has been approved people living with HIV (PLWH), however there limited data regarding uLAM levels in HIV-negative (HIV-ve) adults TB. We conducted study of presenting TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital Hanoi, Vietnam. The concentrations were measured electrochemiluminescent (ECL) immunoassays compared to...
Intravaginal practices (IVP) are common among African women and associated with HIV acquisition. A behavioral intervention to reduce IVP is a potential new risk-reduction strategy. Fifty-eight HIV-1-uninfected Kenyan reporting 42 who denied were followed for 3 months. Women using attended skill-building, theory-based group occurring weekly weeks encourage cessation. Vaginal swabs at each visit used detect yeast, bacterial vaginosis, characterize the vaginal microbiota. insertion of soapy...
We assessed programmatic gaps that prevent the optimal treatment of pediatric HIV infection despite free antiretroviral care in Kenya. Of 626 HIV-infected Kenyan children, median age was five years, 54% were male and mortality rate 3.2 per 100 person-years. A total 380 (61%) children initiated therapy (ART) during study period. Among 246 who never started ART, 129 (52%) met criteria for ART initiation. Immunologic failure occurred 20% received >24 weeks. In multivariate analysis,...
Abstract Background Optimized symptom-based COVID-19 case definitions that guide public health surveillance and individual patient management in the community may assist pandemic control. Methods We assessed diagnostic performance of existing cases (e.g. influenza-like illness, COVID-like illness) using symptoms reported from 185 household contacts to a PCR-confirmed Wisconsin Utah, United States. stratified analyses between adults children. also constructed novel for comparison. Results...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of illness and death in children globally. Improved bacteriologic clinical diagnostic approaches are urgently needed.In prospective cohort study, consecutive series young (<5 years) presenting with symptoms suggestive TB parenchymal abnormality on chest radiograph inpatient outpatient settings Kisumu County, Kenya from October 2013 to August 2015 were evaluated at baseline over 6 months. Up 14 specimens per child tested for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis...
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes disease 2019 (COVID-19), presents with a broad range of symptoms. Existing COVID-19 case definitions were developed from early reports severely ill, primarily hospitalized, patients. Symptom-based guide public health surveillance and individual patient management in community must be optimized for pandemic control. Methods We collected daily symptom diaries performed RT-PCR on specimens...
Abstract Lipoarabinomannan (LAM) is a Mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid excreted in urine, and target biomarker of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for tuberculosis (TB) disease. Urine LAM (uLAM) testing by RDT has been approved people living with HIV, but there limited data regarding uLAM levels HIV-negative adults TB We conducted clinical study presenting TB-related symptoms at the National Lung Hospital Hanoi, Vietnam. The concentrations were measured using electrochemiluminescent...