A5089437457- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection
- Trauma and Emergency Care Studies
- Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Dental Health and Care Utilization
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- HIV, TB, and STIs Epidemiology
- Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2021-2024
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2019-2021
Government of the United States of America
2021
World Health Organization
2021
University of California, Irvine
2021
Epidemic Intelligence Service
2020
Emory University
2017-2020
Lehigh University
2007
Abstract Background The evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) inform strategies reduce transmission. Methods recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed their contacts in Utah Wisconsin during 22 March 2020–25 April 2020. interviewed all obtain demographics medical histories. At initial visit, 14 days later,...
To better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding and infectivity, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA duration, described participant characteristics associated with the first negative rRT-PCR test (resolution), determined if replication-competent viruses was recoverable ≥10 days after symptom onset.We collected serial nasopharyngeal specimens from 109 individuals rRT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in Utah Wisconsin. We calculated viral resolution probability using...
Abstract In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom (26/42 [62%]) among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case patients and had highest positive predictive value (83% [95% confidence interval [CI], 55%–95%) contacts. Olfactory dysfunctions should be considered for COVID-19 identification testing prioritization.
Limited data exist on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children. We described infection rates and symptom profiles among pediatric household contacts of individuals with disease 2019.We enrolled 2019 their contacts, assessed daily symptoms prospectively for 14 days, obtained specimens real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction serology testing. Among (<18 years), we transmission, the risk factors infection, calculated positive negative predictive values....
Abstract Background Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has principally been performed through the use real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction testing. Results such tests can be reported as cycle threshold (Ct) values, which may provide semi-quantitative or indirect measurements viral load. Previous reports have examined temporal trends in Ct values over course a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Using testing data collected...
Improved understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spectrum disease is essential for clinical and public health interventions. There are limited data on mild or asymptomatic infections, but recognition these individuals key as they contribute to viral transmission. We describe the symptom profiles from with SARS-CoV-2 infection.From 22 March April 2020 in Wisconsin Utah, we enrolled prospectively observed 198 household contacts exposed SARS-CoV-2....
Olfactory and taste dysfunctions have emerged as symptoms of COVID-19. Among individuals with COVID-19 enrolled in a household study, loss and/or smell was the fourth most commonly reported symptom (26/42; 62%), among contacts, it had highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55-95%) for These findings support consideration possible case identification testing prioritization
Background: Following reports of an outbreak HIV infection among children in Larkana District, Pakistan, international team investigated the extent and cause between April June 2019. Aims: To investigate incidence Pakistan describe distribution cases by time, place person. Methods: Self-referred persons were tested for using national testing protocol. Local epidemiology was reviewed to generate hypotheses. An prevention control (IPC) conducted site visits IPC practices. Results: Between 25...
Abstract Background Optimized symptom-based COVID-19 case definitions that guide public health surveillance and individual patient management in the community may assist pandemic control. Methods We assessed diagnostic performance of existing cases (e.g. influenza-like illness, COVID-like illness) using symptoms reported from 185 household contacts to a PCR-confirmed Wisconsin Utah, United States. stratified analyses between adults children. also constructed novel for comparison. Results...
Background: From April to June 2019, a total of 909 new HIV infections were identified in Larkana, Pakistan; 86% was children younger than 15 years. To identify the possible transmission links this outbreak, case–control study conducted 2019. Methods: For cases, we selected systematic random sample 100 HIV-positive from screening list. We chose 2 age-matched and sex-matched controls neighborhood each case. All tested using World Health Organization–approved rapid diagnosis test algorithm....
In April 2019, local media reports alerted the Sindh AIDS Control Program (SACP) in Pakistan of 14 children aged <10 years with new diagnoses HIV infection Ratodero, a rural subdistrict Larkana District province* (1).The report pediatric cases these children, whose parents all had received negative test results, was concerning given low number living (4,200 population 79 million children) and (<0.1%)HIV prevalence estimate general population.†, § Within 2 weeks, SACP, assistance from Field...
Diabetes disproportionately affects low-income individuals, many of whom are covered by Medicaid. Comorbidities and complications diabetes can lead to chronic pain; however, little is known about opioid use patterns among Medicaid enrollees with diabetes. This study examined dispensing status.Medicaid claims data from 2014 were used examine status 622,992 adult aged 19-64 years. A logistic model adjusting for demographics comorbidities was the association between enrollees. Analyses...
Abstract Background Poor dental health adversely affects overall health, and people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have a higher prevalence of disease than the general population. This study evaluated care access utilization among PLWHA who receive services at Ryan White Part B (RWPB) Clinics in Georgia using three different measurement instruments. Methods Of 19 Department Health (GA-DPH) districts, HIV coordinators from all 16 districts that RWPB funding completed web-based needs assessment...
The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and test positivity among persons aged <18 years a three-site outpatient pediatric practice Atlanta, Georgia, serving approximately 35,000 patients.Using electronic medical records, weekly SARS-CoV-2 tests performed the 14-day moving average were examined, overall by age group, during May 24-December 5, 2020.Among 4,995 patients who received at least 1 test, 6,813 total...
Background: From April to June 2019, 909 new HIV infections were identified in Larkana, Pakistan; 86% children age <15 years. To identify the possible transmission links this outbreak, a case-control study was conducted 2019. Methods: For cases, we selected systematic random sample of 100 positive from screening list. We chose two and sex-matched controls neighborhood each HIV+ case. All tested using WHO approved rapid diagnosis test (RDT). interviewed parents child about previous exposures...