Scott A. Nabity
A5024107959- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Leptospirosis research and findings
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Respiratory viral infections research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Immune responses and vaccinations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2020-2025
California Department of Public Health
2021-2023
Health and Human Services Agency
2023
The Ohio State University
2023
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
2023
Arizona Department of Health Services
2023
University of Washington
2023
Public Health – Seattle & King County
2023
Los Angeles County Department of Public Health
2023
Santa Clara County Behavioral Health Services
2023
Abstract Background The evidence base for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nascent. We sought to characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission within US households and estimate the household secondary infection rate (SIR) inform strategies reduce transmission. Methods recruited patients with laboratory-confirmed their contacts in Utah Wisconsin during 22 March 2020–25 April 2020. interviewed all obtain demographics medical histories. At initial visit, 14 days later,...
To better understand severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) shedding and infectivity, we estimated SARS-CoV-2 RNA duration, described participant characteristics associated with the first negative rRT-PCR test (resolution), determined if replication-competent viruses was recoverable ≥10 days after symptom onset.We collected serial nasopharyngeal specimens from 109 individuals rRT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in Utah Wisconsin. We calculated viral resolution probability using...
Abstract In a household study, loss of taste and/or smell was the fourth most reported symptom (26/42 [62%]) among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case patients and had highest positive predictive value (83% [95% confidence interval [CI], 55%–95%) contacts. Olfactory dysfunctions should be considered for COVID-19 identification testing prioritization.
Limited data exist on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in children. We described infection rates and symptom profiles among pediatric household contacts of individuals with disease 2019.We enrolled 2019 their contacts, assessed daily symptoms prospectively for 14 days, obtained specimens real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction serology testing. Among (<18 years), we transmission, the risk factors infection, calculated positive negative predictive values....
During July 7-11, 2023, CDC received reports of two patients in different states with a tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis following spinal surgical procedures that used bone allografts containing live cells from the same deceased donor. An outbreak associated similar product manufactured by tissue establishment (i.e., manufacturer) occurred 2021. Because concern these cases represented second outbreak, and Food Drug Administration worked to determine this was obtained donor one implicated 2021...
Improved understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spectrum disease is essential for clinical and public health interventions. There are limited data on mild or asymptomatic infections, but recognition these individuals key as they contribute to viral transmission. We describe the symptom profiles from with SARS-CoV-2 infection.From 22 March April 2020 in Wisconsin Utah, we enrolled prospectively observed 198 household contacts exposed SARS-CoV-2....
Abstract Background Rifampin-resistant tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity worldwide; only one-third persons start treatment, and outcomes are often inadequate. Several trials demonstrate 90% efficacy using an all-oral, 6-month regimen bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid (BPaL), but significant toxicity occurred 1200-mg linezolid. After US Food Drug Administration approval in 2019, some clinicians rapidly implemented BPaL initial 600-mg dose adjusted by serum drug concentrations...
Olfactory and taste dysfunctions have emerged as symptoms of COVID-19. Among individuals with COVID-19 enrolled in a household study, loss and/or smell was the fourth most commonly reported symptom (26/42; 62%), among contacts, it had highest positive predictive value (83%; 95% CI: 55-95%) for These findings support consideration possible case identification testing prioritization
<sec><title>BACKGROUND</title>Chemotherapy to prevent TB is a core component of care for persons living with HIV (PLHIV). There are few reports describing adherence prevention under programmatic conditions in high burden settings.</sec><sec><title>METHODS</title>We measured daily isoniazid (INH) preventive treatment (IPT) using commercially available colourimetric assay detect urine INH metabolites among PLHIV who self-reported ingestion within the preceding 24 h. Enrollee characteristics...
Background Diagnosis of leptospirosis by the gold standard serologic assay, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), requires paired sera and is not widely available. We developed a rapid assay using immunodominant Leptospira immunoglobulin-like (Lig) proteins in Dual Path Platform (DPP). This study aimed to evaluate assay's diagnostic performance setting urban transmission. Methodology determined sensitivity 446 acute convalescent from MAT-confirmed case-patients with severe or mild Brazil....
Abstract A nationwide tuberculosis outbreak linked to a viable bone allograft product contaminated with Mycobacterium was identified in June 2021. Our subsequent investigation 73 healthcare personnel new latent infection following exposure the product, recipients, surgical instruments, or medical waste.
Brazil's National STD/AIDS Program is considered a model of success worldwide. However, AIDS-associated malnutrition continues in subgroups Brazilian patients despite access to free highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We aimed identify the prevalence and associated factors among hospitalized with AIDS.We conducted cross-sectional nutritional assessment 127 adults AIDS third largest city. Using anthropometric measurements, we determined (body mass index <18.5 kg/m2) at...
Tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 are respiratory diseases that disproportionately occur among medically underserved populations; little is known about their epidemiologic intersection.To characterize persons diagnosed with TB in California.This cross-sectional analysis of population-based public health surveillance data assessed the sociodemographic, clinical, characteristics California residents who were (including cases reported between September 3, 2019, December 31, 2020) confirmed based...
Early detection of leptospirosis with field-ready diagnostics may improve clinical management and mitigate outbreaks. We previously validated the point-of-care Dual Path Platform (DPP) for sera in laboratory. This prospective study compares diagnostic accuracy utility DPP using finger stick blood (FSB) against serum DPP, venous whole (VWB) IgM-ELISA, impression. sequentially enrolled 98 patients hospitalized acute febrile illnesses, which we confirmed 32 by reference tests. Among syndromes...
Little is known about co-occurring tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19 in low TB incidence settings. We obtained a cross-section of 333 persons the United States co-diagnosed with within 180 days compared them to 4,433 only 2020 18,898 during 2017‒2019. Across both comparison groups, higher proportion TB-COVID-19 were Hispanic, long-term care facility residents, had diabetes. When adjusted for age, underlying conditions, severity, co-infection was not statistically associated death infection...
Pellagra is caused by niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency and patients with pellagra present a characteristic rash. Isoniazid disrupts intracellular synthesis might induce deficiency. In 2017, Malawi scaled up continuous isoniazid preventive treatment (IPT) for tuberculosis prevention among people living HIV. addition, an under-diversified diet based on subsistence maize, as commonly the case in Malawi, risk factor pellagra. We aimed to investigate whether large-scale exposure contributed...
Abstract From 1995 to 1999, we conducted longitudinal studies of white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) in southeastern Colorado. Forty-five (42.9%) 105 female and 15 (26.8%) 56 male N. albigula had antibodies against Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Sixteen three seroconverted during the study period, most them July-November, when population densities are highest. Analyses longevity data, minimum numbers alive infected, movements, weight data suggest that dominant mode WWAV transmission...
Abstract Background Optimized symptom-based COVID-19 case definitions that guide public health surveillance and individual patient management in the community may assist pandemic control. Methods We assessed diagnostic performance of existing cases (e.g. influenza-like illness, COVID-like illness) using symptoms reported from 185 household contacts to a PCR-confirmed Wisconsin Utah, United States. stratified analyses between adults children. also constructed novel for comparison. Results...
Abstract From 1995 to 1999, we conducted longitudinal studies of white-throated woodrats (Neotoma albigula) in southeastern Colorado. Forty-five (42.9%) 105 female and 15 (26.8%) 56 male N. albigula had antibodies against Whitewater Arroyo virus (WWAV). Sixteen three seroconverted during the study period, most them July-November, when population densities are highest. Analyses longevity data, minimum numbers alive infected, movements, weight data suggest that dominant mode WWAV transmission...
While studying aseptic meningitis in Salvador, Brazil, we diagnosed anicteric leptospirosis 1.7% (5/295) of patients hospitalized for meningitis. Leptospirosis-associated had lower mean cerebrospinal fluid cell counts and protein than other-cause (p<0.05). Clinicians must consider leptospirosis-associated appropriate clinical-epidemiologic contexts.
Abstract We assessed tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic delays among patients with TB and COVID-19 in California, USA. Among 58 persons, 43% experienced delays, a high proportion (83%) required hospitalization for TB. Even when viral respiratory pathogens circulate widely, timely workup at-risk persons remains critical reducing TB-related illness.