A5070201549- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Entomopathogenic Microorganisms in Pest Control
- Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- Helminth infection and control
International Atomic Energy Agency
2017-2025
International Atomic Energy Agency
2023
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2011-2018
African swine fever (ASF) is among the most devastating viral diseases of pigs and wild boar worldwide. In recent years, disease has spread alarmingly. Despite intensive research activities, a commercialized vaccine still not available, efficacious live attenuated candidates raise safety concerns. From perspective, inactivated preparations would be favourable. However, both historical more trials with chemical inactivation did show an appreciable protective effect. Under assumption that...
Gastrointestinal parasitic nematode (GIN) infections are the cause of severe losses to farmers in countries where small ruminants such as sheep and goat mainstay livestock holdings. There is a need develop effective easy-to-administer anti-parasite vaccines areas anthelmintic resistance rapidly rising due inefficient use drugs currently available. In this review, we describe most prevalent economically significant group GIN that infect immune responses occur host during infection with an...
Fowl cholera is one of the most serious and economically important infectious diseases poultry caused by Pasteurella multocida . Formalin-inactivated vaccine, administered intramuscularly, widely used in Ethiopia with a low success rate. Gamma irradiation an effective approach to inactivate pathogens for vaccine development. In previous study, we reported feasibility developing gamma-irradiated vaccines that induced both systemic mucosal antibody responses complete protection against...
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes colibacillosis with different clinical manifestations. The disease is associated compromised animal welfare and results in substantial economic losses poultry production worldwide. So far, immunological mechanisms of protection against are not comprehensively resolved. Therefore, the present study aimed to use an ex vivo model applying chicken mononuclear cells stimulated by live inactivated APEC. For this purpose, 8-color flow cytometry panel...
In the recent years, safety concerns regarding administration of probiotics led to an increased interest in developing inactivated probiotics, also called "paraprobiotics". Gamma irradiation represents a promising tool that can be used produce safe paraprobiotics by inhibiting replication while preserving structure, metabolic activity, and immunogenicity bacteria. this study, we evaluated ability four strains lactic acid bacteria (LAB: Lacticaseibacillus casei, Lactobacillus acidophilus,...
Escherichia coli causes colibacillosis in chickens, which has severe economic and public health consequences. For the first time, we investigated efficacy of gamma-irradiated E. to prevent chickens considering different strains application routes. Electron microscopy, alamarBlue assay matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of- flight mass spectrometry showed that cellular structure, metabolic activity protein profiles irradiated non-treated PA14/17480/5-ovary (serotype O1:K1) were...
The present study investigated the expression of cytokines and cellular changes in chickens following vaccination with irradiated avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and/or challenge. Four groups 11-week-old pullets, each consisting 16 birds were kept separately isolators before they sham inoculated (N), challenged only (C), vaccinated (V) or (V+C). Vaccination was performed using APEC applied via aerosol. For challenge, homologous strain administered intratracheally. Birds sacrificed...
H9N2 viruses have become, over the last 20 years, one of most diffused poultry pathogens and reached a level endemicity in several countries. Attempts to control spread reduce circulation relied mainly on vaccination endemic However, high adaptation poultry, testified by low minimum infectious doses, replication titers, transmissibility, has severely hampered results campaigns. Commercially available vaccines demonstrated efficacy protecting against clinical disease, but variable also been...
Abstract We measured human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) in paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma samples a prospective study of 91 HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with cryptococcal meningitis. Cerebrospinal HIV RNA was lower than (median 4.7 vs 5.2 log10 copies/mL, P < .0001) positively correlated RNA, peripheral CD4+ T-cell percentage, CSF CXCL10. Plasma/CSF ratio ranged widely from 0.2 to 265.5 median 2.6. quantitative culture CCL2...
The genotypic properties of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C in individuals presenting with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) are not well established. Employing single-genome amplification as bulk PCR, cloning and sequencing strategies, we evaluated the genetic HIV-1 env 16 antiretroviral therapy-naive study participants CM. Eleven had matched blood plasma cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) evaluated, rest having either a or CSF sample evaluated. Before therapy initiation,...
Sheeppox (SPP) is a highly contagious disease of small ruminants caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV) and predominantly occurs in Asia Africa with significant economic losses. SPPV genetically immunologically closely related to goatpox (GTPV) lumpy skin (LSDV), which infect goats cattle respectively. live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are used for vaccination against SPP (GTP). Mechanisms innate immunity elicited unknown. Although adaptive responsible long-term immunity, it the responses that...
Sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) are the three members of genus Capripoxvirus within Poxviridae family etiologic agents sheeppox (SPP), (GTP), (LSD), respectively. LSD, GTP, SPP endemic in Africa Asia, causing severe outbreaks with significant economic losses livestock. Incursions LSD have occurred Europe. Vaccination live attenuated homologous heterologous viruses routinely implemented to control these diseases. Using gold standard neutralization test, we...
<title>Abstract</title> Analysing animal responses to immunization is pivotal in vaccine development by evaluating immune response, assessing safety and efficacy, providing crucial insights into protection mechanisms. These are indispensable for advancing vaccines through trial stages regulatory approval processes, as well deciphering the molecular signatures of approved vaccines, which not only enhances our understanding existing but also informs rational design new ones. This study aims...
East coast fever (ECF) is a severe lymphoproliferative disease of cattle caused by the intracellular protozoan Theileria parva from family Apicomplexa. Gene homologs encoding antigens from other apicomplexan parasites constitute source vaccine candidate antigens. An ortholog zeta subunit T-complex protein 1 (TCP-1) which plays role in folding, assembly and transport was identified within the Theileria parva genome. The deduced amino acid sequence the T. parva ortholog has 55% identity 77%...
East coast fever (ECF) is a severe lymphoproliferative disease of cattle caused by the intracellular protozoan Theileria parva from phylum Apicomplexa. Gene homologs encoding antigens from other apicomplexan parasites constitute source vaccine candidate antigens. The ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) protein for malaria by Plasmodium falciparum and should be evaluated inclusion in subunit against ECF. Here we isolated and sequenced the T. parva RESA2 homolog compared it to...
Abstract The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma evansi is responsible for causing Surra in a variety of mammalian hosts over wide geographical area. In the absence an effective vaccine and increasing resistance to current chemotherapeutic agents, peptidases from S9 prolyl oligopeptidase family have been identified as potential drug targets. order understand function these during infection, three null mutant clones ( Δpop ), oligopeptidase-like Δpop-like ) B Δopb were generated T. RoTat 1.2...
The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma evansi is responsible for causing surra in a variety of mammalian hosts and spread by many vectors over wide geographical area making it an ideal target irradiation as tool to study the initial events that occur during infection. Parasites irradiated at representative doses 100Gy, 140Gy, 200Gy were used inoculate BALB/c mice revealing parasites unable establish disease all mice. Cytokine analysis inoculated with showed significantly lower levels...
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting (APCs) within immune system. They patrol organism looking for pathogens and play a unique role system by linking innate adaptive responses. These can phagocytize then present captured antigens to effector cells, triggering diverse range of This paper demonstrates standardized method in vitro generation bovine monocyte-derived dendritic (MoDCs) isolated from cattle peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMCs) their application evaluating...