A5048182649- Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Wheat and Barley Genetics and Pathology
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant and fungal interactions
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Microbial infections and disease research
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Brucella: diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment
- Rabies epidemiology and control
- Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Toxin Mechanisms and Immunotoxins
- Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Agricultural safety and regulations
- Seed and Plant Biochemistry
- Liver physiology and pathology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
University of Nairobi
2015-2024
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2002
Mycotoxins are common in grains sub-Saharan Africa and negatively impact human animal health production. This study assessed occurrences of mycotoxins, some plant, bacterial metabolites 16 dairy 27 poultry feeds, 24 feed ingredients from Machakos town, Kenya, February August 2019. We analyzed the samples using a validated multi-toxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A total 153 toxins, were detected samples. All co-contaminated with 21 to 116 different mycotoxins and/or...
Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites that contaminate foods and feeds, causing adverse health effects in humans animals. This study determined the occurrence of aflatoxins fish feeds their potential on fish. Eighty-one were sampled from 70 farms 8 feed manufacturing plants Nyeri, Kenya for aflatoxin analysis using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fish 12 gross microscopic pathological examination. Eighty-four percent tested positive aflatoxins, ranging 1.8 to 39.7 µg/kg with a...
Aflatoxins (AFs) frequently contaminate food and animal feeds, especially in (sub) tropical countries. If animals consume contaminated AFs (mainly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2) their major metabolites M1 (AFM1) M2 (AFM2)) can be transferred to edible tissues products, such as eggs, liver muscle tissue milk, which ultimately reach the human chain. Currently, European Union has established a maximum level for AFM1 milk (0.05 µg kg−1). Dietary adsorbents, bentonite clay,...
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that can occur in all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Vaccinating dogs protect people from contracting rabies. public health threat Rwanda, but the country does not have information on epidemiology of The present study aimed to understand knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) rabies its control among dog owners Kigali city Rwanda.We conducted cross-sectional survey using structured questionnaire 137 selected nine administrative sites. A two-stage...
Aflatoxin poisoning resulting from consumption of contaminated maize has continued to recur in a yearly pattern Eastern Kenya. The largest mycotoxin-poisoning epidemic the last decade was reported Kenya 2004. Therefore, this study carried out determine occurrence and levels mycotoxin-producing fungi aflatoxin B1 soils Maize, mill dust samples were collected farmers traders Machakos incidence aflatoxins during 2007 harvest season. Fungal isolation done by plating on agar medium, while...
Infection rate of chestnut tree by Botryosphaeria(Dothiorella) dathidea was about at Gapyung area. disease symptom did not appear in October but appeared November, showing May ext year. B. dothidea more pathogenic to than Catinula sp. and Fusicoccum uses soft rot, causes dry rot. Mycelial growth optimal . stimulated when water potential decreased from -2 bars -12 declined -60 bars.
The objective of the study was to investigate efficacy bentonite and fumonisin esterase, separately or combined, in mitigating effects aflatoxins (AF) fumonisins (FUM) Boran Friesian-Boran crossbreed cattle. These were studied by measuring mycotoxins, their metabolites, biomarkers that relate animal health, productivity, food safety. divided into three experiments each lasting for 2 weeks. Cows experiment 1 received random order aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [788 μg/cow/day (69.7 μg/kg dry matter...
The current study evaluated the effects of feeding diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisins (FBs), or both on performance and health broiler chickens safety their food products as well efficacy bentonite fumonisin esterase to mitigate these mycotoxins under conditions representative for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Four hundred one-day-old Cobb 500 were randomly assigned 20 treatments either a control diet, diet moderate AFB1 (60 μg/kg feed) high (220 feed), FBs (17,430 μg...
This study determined the presence, levels and co-occurrence of mycotoxins in fish feeds Kenya. Seventy-eight ingredients were sampled from farms feed manufacturing plants analysed for 40 using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine (73%) identified with 76 (97%) samples testing positive presence. Mycotoxins highest prevalences enniatin B (91%), deoxynivalenol (76%) fumonisin B1 (54%) while those maximum sterigmatocystin (<30.5-3517.1 µg/kg);...
Abstract The methanol extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa ( p < 0.01) showed a significant dose dependent relaxant effect (IC 50 = 350 μ M ) on rat ileal strip comparable to the shown by nifedipin and papaverine as reference compounds. Similarly, extract when administered intraperitoneally significantly 0.05–0.01) reduced intestinal transit (13%–35%) in rats 250 ). (40% ± 04%) (51% 05%) also potentiated diarrhoea inducing castor oil It is postulated that these effects are possibly generated...
Seventy five samples of two popular lager beers, namely Pilsner and Tusker were randomly collected from the city Nairobi surrounding satellite towns in Kenya. The analyzed for presence 4 mycotoxins, namely, deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), zearalenone (ZEA), aflatoxin (AFB1), by competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. incidences DON ZEA 100% both brands, while FB1 incidence was 72%, with (76.9%) being significantly higher than (66.7%) (p = 0.00). mean values...
Warm and humid climatic conditions coupled with poor agricultural practices in sub-Saharan Africa favor the contamination of food feed by Aspergillus flavus Fusarium verticillioides fungi, which subsequently may produce aflatoxins (AFs) fumonisins (FBs), respectively. The growth fungi production mycotoxins are influenced physical (temperature, pH, water activity, light aeration), nutritional, biological factors. This study aimed at optimizing for laboratory large quantities AFs FBs use...
Mycotoxin intoxication is in general an acknowledged and tackled issue animals. However, several parts of the world, mycotoxicoses humans still remain a relevant issue. The efficacy two mycotoxin detoxifying animal feed additives, aflatoxin bentonite clay binder fumonisin esterase, was investigated human child gut model, i.e. vitro Simulator Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). Additionally, effect detoxifiers on microbiota examined SHIME. After initial weeks system stabilisation,...
Background: Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that can occur in all warm-blooded mammals, including man [1]. Vaccinating dogs protect people from contracting rabies [2]. Annual deaths due to was estimated 61000 worldwide [1], and Africa represented 35.2% of the [3]. In Rwanda, public health threat [4], but country does not have information on [5]. Methodology: The present study aimed assess knowledge, attitudes practices (KAP) its control among dog owners Kigali city, Rwanda. We conducted...
SUMMARY Mice fed 1·5 mg ochratoxin A (OTA) per kg body weight and infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense were compared trypanosome-infected placebo-fed uninfected OTA-fed controls. Uninfected mice showed fever, lethargy, facial eyelid oedemas, mild hepatitis nephritis, high survival. Infected controls had mean pre-patent period (PPP) of 3·26 days, dyspnoea, scrotal oedema, survival 33–65 reduced red cell counts (RCC: 10·96–6·87×10 6 cells/μl blood), packed volume (PCV: 43·19–26·36%),...
Background: Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic infection with global socioeconomic impact on both the livestock industry and human health. In Kenya brucellosis endemic but there limited information true burden of disease due to weak or peace-meal surveillance. The spread animal in Kajiado County not known. Aim: aim study was determine current seroprevalence spatial distribution also compare three serological tests, namely; RBPT, indirect ELISA, competitive ELISA detection seropositive...