Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi affecting human and animal health. Five classes mycotoxins major concern in husbandry, namely aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, ochratoxins, fumonisins. Due to their diverse structure these fungal toxins able cause a great variety acute symptoms animals. Clay minerals have been used nutrition bind mycotoxins, but the binders only very specific for aflatoxins not other toxins. A novel strategy control problem mycotoxicoses animals is...

Abstract Mycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by moulds, are responsible for causing significant economic losses due to spoilage of agricultural products but also direct or indirect health impact on livestock upon ingestion mycotoxin contaminated feedstuffs. Aquaculture farmed species not an exception and studies reporting mycotoxin‐related issues in the aquaculture industry have been increasing. However, our understanding prevalence mycotoxins sector is still lower compared...

The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a frequent contaminant of feed and causes various adverse health effects in domestic animals. Hence, effective strategies are needed to prevent the impact fumonisins on livestock productivity. Here we evaluated capability carboxylesterase FumD degrade FB1 its less toxic metabolite hydrolyzed (HFB1) gastrointestinal tract turkeys pigs. First, an ex vivo pig model was used examine activity under digestive conditions. Within 2 h incubation with FumD,...

In recent years, the deleterious effects attributed to mycotoxins, in particular on intestine, faced increased attention and it was shown that deoxynivalenol (DON) causes adverse gut health. this context, has been repeatedly reported DON can alter intestinal morphology, disrupt barrier reduce nutrient absorption. The underlying mechanism of a compromised caused by chickens yet be illustrated. Although, is rapidly absorbed from upper parts small large intestine cannot excluded. Additionally,...

Little is known about the effects of commonly found levels Fusarium mycotoxins on performance, metabolism, and immunity dairy cattle. We investigated regular contamination levels, meaning that can be detected in feeds, deoxynivalenol (DON) fumonisins (FB) total mixed ration (TMR) diet digestibility, milk quality, plasma liver enzymes cows. This trial examined 12 lactating Holstein cows using a 3-period × 3-treatment Latin square design. The experimental period was 21 d mycotoxin exposure...

Reduction of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in animal feed by treatment with sodium bisulfite and metabisulfite has been successfully demonstrated several studies. All them reported formation one DON sulfonate strongly reduced toxicity compared to DON. The starting point present work was investigation different sulfur reagents for reduction In course these experiments, three sulfonates termed 1 (1), 2 (2), 3 (3) were identified structurally elucidated UHPLC–HRMS/MS as well NMR...

Concern about mycotoxins in aquaculture has been growing, partly due to the gradual replacement of animal-derived proteins, such as fish meal, by plant sources. Over a period one year, 2,176 samples different protein sources and 25 finished feeds were analysed. Samples tested for aflatoxins (AF; sum aflatoxin B 1 , 2 G ), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB; fumonisin T-2 toxin ochratoxin A (full screen). The following plant-based meals analysed: soybean meal (SBM), wheat...

This study evaluated the effects of mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FUM), and their combination on growth performance, nutrient, energy digestibility in broilers. A total 960 Cobb-Cobb male broilers were obtained day hatch placed 10 birds per cage with 8 cages treatment. The experiment consisted 12 treatments: control; DON 1.5 mg/kg; 5.0 FUM 20.0 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg. remaining dietary treatments correlative nitrogen-free diets (NFD) for determining endogenous nutrients loss. All...

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feed and well known for its estrogenic effects in animals. Cattle are considered less sensitive to ZEN than pigs. However, has previously been shown be converted the highly metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) rumen fluid vitro. Here, we investigate metabolism reticulorumen dairy cows. To this end, rumen-fistulated non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows (n = 4) received one-time oral dose (5 mg 500 g concentrate feed)...

The estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a common contaminant of animal feed. Effective strategies for the inactivation ZEN in feed are required. ZEN-degrading enzyme hydrolase ZenA (EC 3.1.1.-, commercial name ZENzyme®, BIOMIN Holding GmbH, Getzersdorf, Austria) converts to hydrolyzed (HZEN), thereby enabling strong reduction estrogenicity. In this study, we investigated efficacy added degrade gastrointestinal tract three monogastric species, i.e., pigs, chickens, and rainbow trout....

The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a frequent contaminant of feed. It causes disruption sphingolipid metabolism and pulmonary, hepatic, immunological lesions in pigs depending on the exposure scenario. One sensitive biomarker for FB1 sphinganine (Sa) to sphingosine (So) ratio blood. esterase FumD, which can be used as feed additive, converts into much less toxic metabolite hydrolyzed (HFB1). We conducted single-dose study with barrows allocated one five treatments: (1) control (feed, 0.9%...

The awareness of mycotoxin-related issues in aquaculture industry has grown as manufacturers and producers realise the importance mycotoxins, beyond aflatoxin, their potential to impact production. During a period one year (January 2016 – December 2016), 175 samples different plant proteins, aquaculture/fishery by-products finished feeds, were analysed. Samples tested for aflatoxins (aflatoxin B 1 , 2 G ); zearalenone; type trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON); nivalenol;...

The impact of the Fusarium-derived metabolites beauvericin, enniatin B and B1 (EB) alone or in combination with deoxynivalenol (DON) was investigated 28-29 days old weaning piglets over a time period 14 days. co-application EB DON (EB + DON) led to significant decrease weight gain animals. Liver enzyme activities plasma were significantly decreased at day receiving DON-containing diet compared control diet. All mycotoxin-contaminated diets moderate severe histological lesions jejunum, liver...

Fumonisins (FUM) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two common mycotoxins in poultry feed. Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a primary foodborne bacterium broilers. This trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of naturally occurring FUM DON their combination at subclinical doses on broiler performance during S. challenge. The experiment consisted five treatments: NCC, no-challenge no-mycotoxin treatment; CC, challenge + DON, 0.6 mg/kg challenge; FUM, 14 T-2 neosolaniol,...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the major health concern in poultry production as it targets epithelial cells gastrointestinal tract and contributes to loss barrier function. It well-documented that DON severely compromises various important intestinal functions coincidence with aggravated clinical symptoms livestock. In addition, a prolonged persistence pathogens (e.g., Salmonella, Clostridium ) gut has also been reported pigs chickens, respectively. Similar DON, recent studies demonstrated...

Mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) can negatively affect pig health. However, little is known about their effects on boar semen. We assessed the individual combined of DON ZEN semen in vitro. In a pretrial, we determined minimum dose (MiD) each mycotoxin that induces significant alteration sperm progressive motility, as investigated using computer-assisted analysis (CASA). main trial, mycotoxin's MiD motility kinetics (CASA analysis), morphology (SpermBlue staining),...

Abstract Female pigs respond sensitive both to DON and ZEN with anorexia endocrine disruption, respectively, when critical diet concentrations are exceeded. Therefore, the frequent co-contamination of feed by requires their parallel inactivation. The additive ZenA hydrolyzes while SBS inactivates through sulfonation. Both supplements were simultaneously added ( + , 2.5 g 100 U ZenA/kg) a control (CON−, 0.04 mg < 0.004 ZEN/kg; CON+, 0.03 ZEN/kg) Fusarium toxin contaminated (FUS−, 2.57 0.24...

Under moderate climatic conditions, deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination occurs frequently on cereals. Detoxification measures are required to avoid adverse effects farm animals. In the present study, a wet preservation method with sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) and propionic acid was tested titrate optimum Na2SO3-dose for maximum DON reduction of contaminated maize kernels meal examine interaction between dose moisture content in dependence duration. The concentration decreased increasing amounts...

Ruminal microbiota of cattle are not able to detoxify all mycotoxins. In addition, detoxification can be hampered by adverse ruminal conditions (e.g., low pH). Hence, in the husbandry, mycotoxin binders and modifiers could used prevent animal exposure this study, an vitro rumen model, including feed matrix, was established as first screening tool test efficacy five products claiming The detoxifiers had different modes action: (a) binding (three products); (b) enzymatic zearalenone (ZEN; one...

The toxicokinetics (TK) of hydrolyzed fumonisin B1 (HFB1) were evaluated in 16 broiler chickens after being fed either a control or fumonisins-contaminated diet (10.8 mg B1, 3.3 B2 and 1.5 B3/kg feed) for two weeks, followed by single oral (PO) intravenous (IV) dose 1.25 mg/kg bodyweight (BW) HFB1. Fumonisin (FB1), its partially metabolites pHFB1a pHFB1b, fully metabolite HFB1, determined chicken plasma using validated ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method....

Fumonisins are among the most prevalent mycotoxins in feedstuffs. They disrupt sphingolipid metabolism, thereby inducing a plethora of toxic effects livestock. Supplementation with mycotoxin-degrading enzymes is promising strategy for detoxification feedstuffs animals’ gastrointestinal tract. Here, we evaluated suitability fumonisin esterase FumD as feed additive (FUM zyme ®) prevention toxicity pigs by using combination different biomarkers (sphinganine to sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio serum...

We examined the toxicokinetics of fumonisin B1 (FB1) and its main metabolites after single dose application intravenously (iv) 139 nmol FB1 or hydrolyzed (HFB1)/kg bodyweight (BW) in barrows (BW: 34.4 kg ± 2.7 kg), as well FB1, FB2, FB3 bioavailability from oral exposure (3425 FB1/kg BW, on top ration). Additionally, detoxification efficacy FumD (240 U/kg feed; 3321 BW), a esterase, was for application. Urine feces were collected quantitatively serum samples taken over period 120 h. Serum...