Mycotoxins are common in grains sub-Saharan Africa and negatively impact human animal health production. This study assessed occurrences of mycotoxins, some plant, bacterial metabolites 16 dairy 27 poultry feeds, 24 feed ingredients from Machakos town, Kenya, February August 2019. We analyzed the samples using a validated multi-toxin liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A total 153 toxins, were detected samples. All co-contaminated with 21 to 116 different mycotoxins and/or...

Modern agriculture depends highly on pesticides and pharmaceutical preparations, so controlling exposure to these substances in the feed food chain is essential. This article presents first study residues of a broad spectrum veterinary drugs diets dairy cattle. One hundred two representative samples complete diets, including basal rations additional fed concentrate, were collected three Austrian provinces (Styria, Lower Upper Austria) 2019 2020. The tested for >700 pesticides, related...

Sixty-four corn silages were characterized for chemicals, bacterial community, and concentrations of several fungal metabolites. Silages grouped in five clusters, based on detected mycotoxins, they being contaminated by (1) low levels Aspergillus- Penicillium-mycotoxins; (2) fumonisins other Fusarium-mycotoxins; (3) high Aspergillus-mycotoxins; (4) non-regulated (5) their Altersetin was clusters 1, 3, 5. Rugulusovin or brevianamide F samples, with the highest concentration cluster 3. Emodin...

Fungi and mycotoxins in silage can have detrimental consequences for both cattle human health. This pilot study identified, via the routinary direct plating method, dominant cultivable fungi mouldy grass silages (GS) (n = 19) maize (MS) 28) from Austria. The profiles of regulated, modified, emerging together with other fungal metabolites were analysed LC-(ESI)MS/MS. Penicillium roqueforti, Saccharomyces spp., Geotrichum candidum, Aspergillus fumigatus Monascus ruber most frequent organisms...

Little is known about the effects of commonly found levels Fusarium mycotoxins on performance, metabolism, and immunity dairy cattle. We investigated regular contamination levels, meaning that can be detected in feeds, deoxynivalenol (DON) fumonisins (FB) total mixed ration (TMR) diet digestibility, milk quality, plasma liver enzymes cows. This trial examined 12 lactating Holstein cows using a 3-period × 3-treatment Latin square design. The experimental period was 21 d mycotoxin exposure...

Pastures are key feed sources for dairy production and can be contaminated with several secondary metabolites from fungi plants toxic or endocrine-disrupting activities, which possess a risk the health, reproduction performance of cattle. This exploratory study aimed to determine co-occurrences concentrations wide range mycotoxins, phytoestrogens other in grazing pastures. Representative samples pastures were collected 18 Austrian farms (one sample per farm) between April October 2019. After...

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feed and well known for its estrogenic effects in animals. Cattle are considered less sensitive to ZEN than pigs. However, has previously been shown be converted the highly metabolite α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) rumen fluid vitro. Here, we investigate metabolism reticulorumen dairy cows. To this end, rumen-fistulated non-lactating Holstein Friesian cows (n = 4) received one-time oral dose (5 mg 500 g concentrate feed)...

Zearalenone (ZEN) and fumonisins (FUM) jeopardize fertility health in cattle; yet, their toxigenic effects on rumen microbiota, both being crucial for animal health, are not clarified. This study determined the of a short-term exposure to ZEN or FUM ecosystem, further evaluated acute implications parameters. Six cows were fed basal diet with 40% grain (dry matter basis) exposed either 5 mg 20 daily two consecutive days each, separated by 7-days washout period. The led reduction...

Mycotoxins and endocrine disruptors such as phytoestrogens can affect cattle health, reproduction, productivity. Most studies of mycotoxins in dairy feeds Mexico worldwide have been focused on a few (regulated) mycotoxins. In contrast, less known fungal toxins, phytoestrogens, other metabolites neglected underestimated. This study analyzed broad spectrum (>800) mycotoxins, fungal, plant, unspecific secondary whole-plant corn silages (WPCSs) total mixed rations (TMRs) collected from 19...

There is a limited research focus on evaluating the detrimental effects of prolonged zearalenone (ZEN) intake dairy cows’ health under controlled conditions. This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether length exposure ZEN-contaminated total mixed ration (TMR) at level 9.45 mg per day can negatively influence animal parameters, such as milk composition, rumen and fecal fermentation, chewing activity lactating cows. For this experiment, we used 18 Simmental cows that were fed diet 60%...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects different anti-mycotoxin feed additives on concentration mycotoxins in milk, urine, and blood plasma dairy cows fed artificially multi-mycotoxin-contaminated diets. Secondarily, performance, total-tract apparent digestibility nutrients, parameters were evaluated. Twelve multiparous (165 ± 45 d 557 49 kg body weight, 32.1 4.57 kg/d milk yield at start experiment) blocked according parity, yield, days used a 4 × Latin square design experiment...

Spent brewery grains (BSG) are the main by-product of beer production and incorporated in rations food-delivering animals, mainly dairy cows. Like other agricultural commodities, BSG can be contaminated by a broad spectrum natural synthetic undesirable substances, which hazardous to animal human health as well environment. The co-occurrence mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, fungal plant secondary metabolites, along with pesticides, was investigated 21 samples collected farms Austria. For this...

The current study evaluated the effects of feeding diets contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), fumonisins (FBs), or both on performance and health broiler chickens safety their food products as well efficacy bentonite fumonisin esterase to mitigate these mycotoxins under conditions representative for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Four hundred one-day-old Cobb 500 were randomly assigned 20 treatments either a control diet, diet moderate AFB1 (60 μg/kg feed) high (220 feed), FBs (17,430 μg...

The objective of the study was to investigate efficacy bentonite and fumonisin esterase, separately or combined, in mitigating effects aflatoxins (AF) fumonisins (FUM) Boran Friesian-Boran crossbreed cattle. These were studied by measuring mycotoxins, their metabolites, biomarkers that relate animal health, productivity, food safety. divided into three experiments each lasting for 2 weeks. Cows experiment 1 received random order aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) [788 μg/cow/day (69.7 μg/kg dry matter...

Dairy production is a pivotal economic sector of Austrian and European agriculture. Dietary toxins endocrine disruptors natural origin such as mycotoxins phytoestrogens can affect animal health, reproduction, productivity. This study characterized the profile wide spectrum fungal, plant, unspecific secondary metabolites, including regulated, emerging, modified mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, cyanogenic glucosides, in complete diets lactating cows from 100 dairy farms. To achieve this, validated...

The study investigated the short-term effects of a single oral bolus zearalenone (ZEN) on rumen microbiota and fermentation patterns in four rumen-cannulated Holstein cows fed forage diet with daily 2 kg/cow concentrate. During baseline day, received uncontaminated concentrate, followed by ZEN-contaminated concentrate second again day three. Free liquid (FRL) particle-associated (PARL) were collected at different hours post-feeding all days to analyze prokaryotic community composition,...

After India and the USA, Pakistan is third country leading in global dairy production, a sector of very high socioeconomic relevance Asia. Mycotoxins can affect animal health, reproduction productivity. This study analysed broad range co-occurring mycotoxins fungal secondary metabolites derived from Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium other species. To complete this, validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS)...

We evaluated the effects of a treatment diet contaminated with 1.7 mg deoxynivalenol and 3.5 fumonisins (B1, B2 B3) per kg ration on immune status peripheral blood gene expression profiles in finishing-stage Angus steers. The mycotoxin was fed for period 21 days followed by two-week washout during which time all animals consumed control diet. Whole-blood leukocyte differentials were performed weekly throughout experimental period. Comparative CD4+ CD8+ T cells, along bactericidal capacity...

Interactions between livestock management practices and toxicological outcomes of mycotoxin exposure may explain the range tolerable toxin levels reported for various species. In current study, we investigated effect concurrent with a high starch diet in 12 beef steers partial cross-over experiment using 21-day treatment period, followed by 14-day clearance. During animals were assigned to one two diets: low control total mixed ration (TMR) (0.2±0.1 mg deoxynivalenol (DON) 0.2±0.2 fumonisins...

Modern agriculture depends highly on pesticides and pharmaceutical preparations, so controlling exposure to these substances in the feed food chain is essential. This article presents first study residues of a broad spectrum veterinary drugs diets dairy cattle. One hundred two representative samples complete diets, including basal rations additional fed concentrate, were collected three Austrian provinces (Styria, Lower Upper Austria) 2019 2020. The tested for > 700 pesticides, related...

Little is known about the effects of Fusarium mycotoxins on fermentation potential rumen fluid sampled from lactating dairy cows ingesting diets contaminated at regular levels these (i.e., contamination that can normally be found farms). In current experiment, donor animals received with both deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisins (FB) or without a mycotoxin-deactivating product. The were 12 Holstein one 3 experimental in agreement × Latin square design (3 periods treatments). as follows: (1)...

Starch-rich diets are a commonly adopted strategy in order to sustain high milk yields dairy cows. However, these known increase the risk of gut dysbiosis and related systemic health disorders. This study aimed evaluate effects supplementing clay mineral-based feed additive (CM; Mycofix® Plus, BIOMIN) on fecal microbiota structure, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fermentation, serum metabolome, liver primiparous (PP, n = 8) multiparous (MP, 16) early-lactation Simmental cows (737 ± 90 kg live...

We recently reported the ubiquitous occurrence of mycotoxins and their secondary metabolites in dairy rations a substantial variation feeding management among Austrian farms. The present study aimed to characterize which extent these factors contribute fertility, udder health traits, performance herds. During 2019 2020, we surveyed 100 farms, visiting each farm 2 times collecting data feed samples. Data collection involved information on main ingredients, nutrient composition, levels...