Chondrocytes are the only cells in cartilage, and their death by apoptosis contributes to cartilage loss inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A putative therapeutic intervention for RA is inhibition of apoptosis-mediated degradation. The hormone prolactin (PRL) frequently increases circulation patients with RA, but role hyperprolactinemia disease activity unclear. Here, we demonstrate that PRL inhibits cultured chondrocytes response a mixture proinflammatory...

OBJECTIVE Increased retinal vasopermeability (RVP) occurs early in diabetes and is crucial for the development of sight-threatening proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR). The hormone prolactin (PRL) proteolytically processed to vasoinhibins, a family peptides that inhibit excessive RVP related DR. Here, we investigate circulating levels PRL association with DR men test whether increased PRL, by serving as source ocular can reduce pathological diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Serum was...

Retinal degeneration is characterized by the progressive destruction of retinal cells, causing deterioration and eventual loss vision. We explored whether hormone prolactin provides trophic support to thus protecting retina from degenerative pressure. Inducing hyperprolactinemia limited photoreceptor apoptosis, gliosis, changes in neurotrophin expression, it preserved photoresponse phototoxicity model degeneration, which continuous exposure rats bright light leads cell death dysfunction. In...

Prolactin (PRL) stimulates the secretion of oxytocin (OXT) and arginine AVP as part maternal adaptations facilitating parturition lactation. Both neurohormones are under regulation nitric oxide. Here, we investigate whether activation neuronal oxide synthase (nNOS) in hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system mediates effect PRL on OXT release these effects operate males. Plasma levels were measured male rats after intracerebroventricular injection or inducing hyperprolactinemia by placing two...

Prolactin (PRL) is a potent liver mitogen and proangiogenic hormone. Here, we used hyperprolactinemic rats PRL receptor-null mice (PRLR(-/-)) to study the effect of on growth angiogenesis before after partial hepatectomy (PH). Liver-to-body weight ratio (LBW), hepatocyte sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) proliferation, hepatic expression VEGF were measured PH in rats, generated by placing two anterior pituitary glands (AP) under kidney capsule. Also, LBW IL-6, as well suppressor cytokine...

The prostate is a key gland in the sexual physiology of male mammals. Its sensitivity to steroid hormones widely known, but its response prolactin still poorly known. Previous studies have shown correlation between behaviour, release and physiology. Thus, here we used behaviour rats as model for studying this correlation. Hence, developed experimental paradigms determine influence on organization rats. In addition recordings, ELISA procedure quantify serum level prolactin, hematoxilin-eosin...

Abstract The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a significant pathophysiological role in multiple sclerosis (MS). Vasopressin (AVP) is released after brain injury and contributes to the inflammatory response. We propose that AVP may be modulating BBB permeability hence affecting EAE clinical signs. Female Lewis rats were immunized s.c. with guinea-pig extract suspended complete Freund’s adjuvant. Prior that, animals subjected Neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) or treated receptor...

The influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract humans and animals has been reported. Hypophysectomy (HYPOX) in rat causes atrophy intestinal mucosa, reduction gastric secretion absorption, increased susceptibility to infections. To our knowledge, there are no studies humoral immune response gut-associated lymphoid tissue after HYPOX. We have reported that decreased vasopressin oxytocin due neurointermediate lobectomy (NIL) diminishes cell-mediated responses....

Iodide is a trace element and key component of thyroid hormones (TH). The availability this halogen the rate-limiting step for TH synthesis; therefore, thyroidal iodide uptake recycling during synthesis are major importance in maintaining an adequate supply. In rat, gland co-expresses distinctive pair intrathyroidal deiodinating enzymes: iodotyrosine dehalogenase (tDh) iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 (ID1). present work, we studied activity these two dehalogenases conditions hypo-...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The parasympathetic nervous system modulates the immune response in abdominal-pelvic gut through vagus nerve, which releases acetylcholine. This endogenous ligand acts on a7 nicotinic receptors expressed cells. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To study mechanism of production and regulation cytokines parasympathectomized control hamsters during development amoebic liver abscesses (ALA) caused by <i>Entamoeba...

<i>Objective:</i> The role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) as a direct immune regulator has not yet been clarified, and more work is needed to assess its involvement in the immunoneuroendocrine network. In present study, effects neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) desmopressin (DP), an agonist AVP, on acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) female Lewis rats were evaluated. activity hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis was also assessed....

<i>Objective:</i> Chronic stress is characterized by an increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis and decreased humoral cell-mediated immune responses. In rat, corticosterone principal natural suppressor. Neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy () in rats induces diabetes insipidus protracted increases basal adrenocorticotropin plasma levels, a situation that resembles chronic stress. this paper, we evaluated effects on (hemagglutinin titers footpad...

Summary Newborn children of diabetic mothers have an increased morbidity and mortality because respiratory distress syndrome. We study lung histogenesis during intrauterine development offspring Sprague‐Dawley rats at 18, 19 21 days gestation (DG). Pregnant were grouped into (streptozotocin‐induced), citrate, control groups; five female male selected randomly from each group DG, a biopsy the was taken processed in paraffin for histological examination. The transmission electron microscopy...

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk κ-casein with immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. Food allergy (FA) an adverse immune reaction broad spectrum of manifestations. Allergen intake induces persistent intestinal inflammation tissue damage. In this study, the anti-allergic activity GMP was evaluated using rat ovalbumin (OVA)-induced FA model gastrointestinal manifestation. Rats were orally treated 3 days prior during development. The severity food...

Acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, mediated by T lymphocytes. Immunization Lewis rats with myelin antigens suspended in complete Freund’s adjuvant induces EAE. In a previous study on we have found that neurointermediate pituitary lobectomy (NIL) decreased both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Here investigated effect NIL incidence severity EAE function hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis rats. NIL,...

Vaptans are compounds that act as non-peptide vasopressin receptor antagonists. These have diverse chemical structures. In this study, we used a combined approach of protein folding, molecular dynamics simulations, docking, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) to elucidate the detailed interaction V1a (V1aR) with some its blockers (134). QSAR studies were performed using MLR analysis gathered into one group perform an artificial neural network (ANN) analysis. For each...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly complex infectious disease caused by the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It characterized chronic granulomatous inflammation of lung and systemic immune-neuroendocrine responses that have been associated with pathophysiology outcome. Vasopressin (VP), neurohypophysial hormone immunomodulatory effects, abnormally high in plasma some patients pulmonary TB apparently produced ectopically. In this study, BALB/c mouse model progressive was...