Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins have been used as markers of plant defense responses, and are classified into 17 families. However, precise information on the majority members in specific PR families is still limited. We were interested individual characteristics rice PR1 family genes, selected 12 putatively active genes using genome databases for expressed genes. All upregulated upon compatible and/or incompatible rice-blast fungus interactions; three early infection period four late...

COP10 is a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme variant (UEV), which thought to act together with COP1, DET1, and the COP9 signalosome (CSN) in Arabidopsis repress photomorphogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that interacts enzymes (E2s) vivo, can enhance their activity vitro, an distinct from previous characterized UEVs such as MMS2 UEV1. Furthermore, show forms complex UV-damaged DNA-binding protein 1a (DDB1a) de-etiolated 1 (DET1), physically COP1 CSN. Purified CDD (COP10, DDB1, DET1) also shows...

Abstract CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) possesses E3 ligase activity and promotes degradation of key factors involved in the light regulation plant development. The finding that CULLIN4 (CUL4)-Damaged DNA Binding Protein1 (DDB1) interacts with DDB1 binding WD40 (DWD) proteins to act as ligases implied CUL4-DDB1 may associate COP1-SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA (SPA) protein complexes, since COP1 SPAs are DWD proteins. Here, we demonstrate physically associates COP1-SPA complexes vitro vivo,...

CULLIN4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRL4s) regulate key developmental and stress responses in eukaryotes. Studies both animals plants have led to the identification of many CRL4 targets as well specific regulatory mechanisms that modulate their function. The latter involve COP10-DET1-DDB1 (CDD)–related complexes, which been proposed facilitate target recognition by CRL4, although molecular basis for this activity remains largely unknown. Here, we provide evidence Arabidopsis thaliana DET1-,...

A group of evolutionarily conserved pleiotropic COP/DET/FUS proteins was initially defined by their ability to repress photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. It proposed that this regulation be mediated targeting degradation key cellular regulators promote photomorphogenesis. Among them, COP1 and the COP9 signalosome have been hypothesized fulfill roles as an ubiquitin ligase (E3) essential E3 modulator. Here we report COP10 encodes a protein similar ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) variant...

F-Box (FBX) proteins are encoded by a multigene family present in major lineages of eukaryotes. A number FBX shown to be subunits SCF complex, type E3 ligases composed SKP1, CULLIN, and RBX1 proteins. The Arabidopsis SKP-LIKE (ASK) also members some them interact with directly. To clarify how ASK combine, we carried out large-scale interaction analysis between using yeast two-hybrid assay (Y2H) thaliana. randomly chosen from those that interacted more than one protein were further analyzed...

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatases (MKPs) are negative regulators of MAPKs. In dicotyledons such as Arabidopsis and tobacco, MKPs have been shown to play pivotal roles in abiotic stress responses, hormone responses microtubule organization. However, little is known about the role monocotyledons rice. Database searches identified five putative We investigated their expression response wounding, found that OsMKP1 rapidly induced by wounding. this study, we functionally...

The majority of proteins in eukaryotic cells are modified according to highly regulated mechanisms fulfill specific functions and achieve localization, stability, transport. Protein ubiquitination is one the major post-translational modifications occurring cells. To obtain proteomic dataset related ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent regulatory system Arabidopsis, affinity purification with an anti-Ub antibody under native condition was performed. Using MS/MS analysis, 196 distinct represented by 251...

Stress granules, a type of cytoplasmic RNA granule in eukaryotic cells, are induced response to various environmental stresses, including high temperature. However, how temperatures induce the formation these stress granules plant cells is largely unknown. Here, we characterized process Arabidopsis thaliana by combining live imaging and electron microscopy analysis. In seedlings grown at 22°C, was above critical threshold level 34°C absence transpiration. The temperature same, regardless...

Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) eukaryotic cells triggers transcriptional induction ER-resident molecular chaperones to maintain cellular homeostasis, termed ER stress response. Previously we isolated AtbZIP60, a membrane-bound transcription factor involved Arabidopsis response whose activity is controlled by proteolytic cleavage. In this study characterized active form AtbZIP60 localized nucleus during Transient assay using protoplasts revealed that...

Abstract Background Phospho enol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a critical enzyme catalyzing the β-carboxylation of phospho (PEP) to oxaloacetate, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate. PEPC typically exists as Class-1 homotetramer composed plant-type (PTPC) polypeptides, and two subunits were reported be monoubiquitinated in germinating castor oil seeds. By large-scale purification ubiquitin (Ub)-related proteins from lily anther, types PEPCs, bacterial-type (BTPC) (PTPC), identified...

Protein introduction into cells is more difficult in plants than mammalian cells, although it was reported that protein successful shoot apical meristem and leaves only together with a cell-penetrating peptide. In this study, we tried to introduce superfolder green fluorescent (sGFP)-fused adenylate cyclase as reporter without peptide the of tobacco by treatment atmospheric non-thermal plasmas. For purpose, CO2 or N2 plasma generated using multi-gas jet. Confocal microscopy indicated sGFP...

Cell wall proteins play key roles in cell structure and metabolism, enlargement, signal transduction, responses to environmental stress, many other physiological events. Agricultural crops are often used for investigating stress tolerance because cultivars with differing degrees of available. Abiotic biotic factors markedly influence the geographical distribution yields crop species. Crop proteomics is particular importance improving productivity, particularly under unfavorable conditions....

Summary The biochemical and cell cycle‐dependent properties of proliferating nuclear antigen (OsPCNA) flap endonuclease‐1 (OsFEN‐1) were characterized from rice ( Oryza sativa ). OsPCNA was physically associated with OsFEN‐1 increased the flap‐endonuclease activity by 2.5‐fold. Northern Western blotting analysis revealed that present in meristematic tissues such as cultured cells, shoot apical meristem root meristem. No expression detected mature leaves, although they exposed to UV. Both...

Angiosperms have a unique sexual reproduction system called "double fertilization." One sperm cell fertilizes the egg and another central cell. To date, plant gamete membrane dynamics during fertilization has been poorly understood. analyze this unrevealed subcellular behavior, live imaging analyses of Arabidopsis double were performed. We produced female marker lines in which fluorescent proteins conjugated with PIP2a finely visualized surfaces. Using those together line expressing...

The 26S proteasome is an ATP-dependent proteinase complex that responsible for regulated proteolysis of polyubiquitinated proteins in eukaryotic cells. Here, we report novel interacting Arabidopsis as revealed by LC-MS/MS analysis. We performed a two-step screening process involved affinity purification the using plants expressing FLAG-tagged RPT2a subunit and partial from cultured cells glycerol density gradient centrifugation (GDG). Two plastid proteins, LTA2 PDH E1α, which were commonly...

Abstract Background A simpler method for detecting atherosclerosis obliterans is required in the clinical setting. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) easy to perform and can accurately detect deterioration skin perfusion. We performed LDF hemodialysis patients determine correlations between blood flow lower limbs peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods This retrospective study included 128 patients. Patients were categorized into non-PAD group ( n = 106) PAD 22), 14 early stage group....

The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs/MPKs) are important factors in the regulation of signal transduction response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Previously, we characterized a MAPK from tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum MPK4 (NtMPK4). Here, found highly homologous gene, NtMPK4-like (NtMPK4L), tobacco as well other species Solanaceae Gramineae. Deduced amino acid sequences their translation products carried MEY motifs instead conserved TXY family. We isolated full length NtMPK4L gene...

The 26S proteasome is known to play pivotal roles in cell-cycle progression various eukaryotic cells; however, little about its role higher plants. Here we report that the subcellular distribution of dynamically changed a dependent manner tobacco BY-2 cells as determined by immunostaining with anti-Rpn10 (a regulatory PA700 subunit) and anti-20S catalytic antibodies. was found localize not only nuclear envelopes mitotic spindles but also preprophase bands (PPBs) phragmoplasts appearing G(2)...

Previously, we developed a technique to introduce superfolder green fluorescent protein (sGFP) fusion directly into plant cells using atmospheric-pressure plasma. In this study, attempted genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated 9) system introduction technique. As an experimental evaluate editing, utilized transgenic reporter plants carrying the genes L-(I-SceI)-UC and sGFP-waxy-HPT . The allowed detection of successful by...