Kathleen O’Reilly
A5018439282- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 impact on air quality
- Malaria Research and Control
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- COVID-19 Digital Contact Tracing
- COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
2017-2025
University of London
2020-2023
Faculty of Public Health
2022
University of Cambridge
2021
Department of Health and Social Care
2021
Imperial College London
2011-2020
Gates Foundation
2020
Public Health England
2020
University of Hong Kong
2020
Gavi
2020
BackgroundNon-pharmaceutical interventions have been implemented to reduce transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the UK. Projecting size an unmitigated epidemic and potential effect different control measures has crucial support evidence-based policy making during early stages epidemic. This study assesses impact for mitigating burden COVID-19 UK.MethodsWe used a stochastic age-structured model explore range intervention scenarios, tracking 66·4...
SummaryBackgroundNational immunisation programmes globally are at risk of suspension due to the severe health system constraints and physical distancing measures in place mitigate ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed compare benefits sustaining routine childhood Africa with acquiring acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection through visiting vaccination service delivery points.MethodsWe considered a high-impact scenario low-impact approximate child deaths that could be...
Phylogeographic methods aim to infer migration trends and the history of sampled lineages from genetic data. Applications phylogeography are broad, in context pathogens include reconstruction transmission histories origin emergence outbreaks. inference based on bottom-up population genetics models is computationally expensive, as a result faster alternatives evolution discrete traits have become popular. In this paper, we show that rates root locations trait extremely unreliable sensitive...
Abstract Background Asymptomatic or subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections are often unreported, which means that confirmed case counts may not accurately reflect underlying epidemic dynamics. Understanding the level of ascertainment (the ratio symptomatic cases to true number individuals) and undetected progression is crucial informing COVID-19 response planning, including introduction relaxation control measures. Estimating over time allows for accurate estimates specific outcomes such as...
Temperature and rainfall patterns are known to influence seasonal of dengue transmission. However, the effect severe drought extremely wet conditions on timing intensity epidemics is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed quantify non-linear delayed effects extreme hydrometeorological hazards risk by level urbanisation in Brazil using a spatiotemporal model.We combined distributed lag models with Bayesian hierarchical model framework determine exposure-lag-response association between...
Accurate surveillance of the COVID-19 pandemic can be weakened by under-reporting cases, particularly due to asymptomatic or pre-symptomatic infections, resulting in bias. Quantification SARS-CoV-2 RNA wastewater used infer infection prevalence, but uncertainty sensitivity and considerable variability has meant that accurate measurement remains elusive. Here, we use data from 45 sewage sites England, covering 31% population, estimate prevalence within 1.1% estimates representative surveys...
We know very little about physiological constraints on the evolution of life-history traits in general, and, particular, and molecular adjustments that accompany variation lifespan. Identifying mechanisms underlie adaptive lifespan should provide insight into trade–offs between other life–history traits. Telomeres, DNA caps at ends linear chromosomes, usually shorten as animals age, but whether telomere rate change is associated with unknown. measured length erythrocytes from five bird...
BackgroundSubstantial outbreaks of yellow fever in Angola and Brazil the past 2 years, combined with global shortages vaccine stockpiles, highlight a pressing need to assess present control strategies. The aims this study were estimate vaccination coverage from 1970 through 2016 at high spatial resolution calculate number individuals still requiring reach population thresholds for outbreak prevention.MethodsFor adjusted retrospective analysis, we compiled data range sources (eg, WHO reports...
The health impact of COVID-19 may differ in African settings as compared to countries Europe or China due demographic, epidemiological, environmental and socio-economic factors. We evaluated strategies reduce SARS-CoV-2 burden countries, so support decisions that balance minimising mortality, protecting services safeguarding livelihoods. used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered mathematical model, stratified by age, predict the evolution epidemics three representing range age...
A public health catch-22 In 2016, the serotype 2 component of oral poliovirus vaccine given to children was withdrawn. This measure taken prevent vaccine-associated disease outbreaks caused by mutation in live attenuated vaccine. Children around world now have poor immunity because inactivated is far less effective and a new not yet ready. Using statistical model, Macklin et al. discovered that most current polio several countries across Asia sub-Saharan Africa are likely associated with...
Understanding changes in human mobility the early stages of COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for assessing impacts travel restrictions designed to reduce disease spread. Here, relying on data from mainland China, we investigate spatio-temporal characteristics between 1st January and March 2020, discuss their public health implications. An outbound surge Wuhan before were implemented was also observed across China due Lunar New Year, indicating that holiday may have played a larger role compared...
Abstract Background Many low- and middle-income countries have implemented control measures against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, it is not clear to what extent these explain the low numbers of recorded COVID-19 cases deaths in Africa. One main aims reduce respiratory pathogen transmission through direct contact with others. In this study, we collect data from residents informal settlements around Nairobi, Kenya, assess if changed patterns, estimate impact changes on basic...
There is increasing interest in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) of SARS-CoV-2 RNA to serve as an early warning system for a community. Despite successful detection wastewaters sampled from multiple locations, there still no clear idea on the minimal number cases community that are associated with positive virus wastewater. To address this knowledge gap, we septic tank (n = 57) and biological activated sludge 52) located on-site hospital. The hospital providing treatment infected...
Abstract There is conflicting evidence on the influence of weather COVID-19 transmission. Our aim to estimate weather-dependent signatures in early phase pandemic, while controlling for socio-economic factors and non-pharmaceutical interventions. We identify a modest non-linear association between mean temperature effective reproduction number (R e ) 409 cities 26 countries, with decrease 0.087 (95% CI: 0.025; 0.148) 10 °C increase. Early interventions have greater effect R 0.285 CI 0.223;...
Abstract Emerging evidence suggests that contact tracing has had limited success in the UK reducing R number across COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate potential pitfalls and areas for improvement by extending an existing branching process model, adding diagnostic testing refining parameter estimates. Our results demonstrate reporting adherence are most important predictors of programme impact but coverage speed plus sensitivity also play role. conclude well-implemented could bring small...
Abstract England has experienced a heavy burden of COVID-19, with multiple waves SARS-CoV-2 transmission since early 2020 and high infection levels following the emergence spread Omicron variants late 2021. In response to rising cases, booster vaccinations were accelerated offered all adults in England. Using model fitted more than 2 years epidemiological data, we project potential dynamics infections, hospital admissions deaths December 2022. We consider key uncertainties including future...
Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region 2013, with serious implications for population health region. In 2016, World Health Organization declared ZIKV outbreak a Public Emergency of International Concern following cluster associated neurological disorders neonatal malformations. 2017, cases declined, but future incidence LAC remains uncertain due to gaps our understanding, considerable variation surveillance lack comprehensive collation data from affected...
For 45 African countries/territories already reporting COVID-19 cases before 23 March 2020, we estimate the dates of 1,000 and 10,000 cases. Assuming early epidemic trends without interventions, all were likely to exceed confirmed by end April with most exceeding a few weeks later.