ABSTRACT Currently, the bacterial composition of raw milk in tanker trucks and outcomes transfer storage that at commercial processing facilities are not well understood. We set out to identify bacteria collected for large-scale dairy product manufacturing. Raw bovine samples from 899 arriving two processors San Joaquin Valley California during three seasons (spring, summer, fall) were analyzed by community 16S rRNA gene sequencing. This analysis revealed highly diverse populations, which...

The majority of research on the physiological effects dietary resistant starch type 2 (RS2) has focused sources derived from high-amylose maize. In this study, we conduct a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating RS2 wheat glycemic response, an important indicator metabolic health, and gut microbiota. Overall, consumption RS2-enriched rolls for one week resulted in reduced postprandial glucose insulin responses relative to conventional when participants...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a considerable burden to health care systems, with the public community largely in consensus that AMR will be major cause of death worldwide coming decades. Humans carry antibiotic microbes live and on us, collectively known as human microbiome.

DNA sequencing and analysis methods were compared for 16S rRNA V4 PCR amplicon genomic (gDNA) mock communities encompassing nine bacterial species commonly found in milk dairy products. The two comprised strain-specific that was pooled before or after (PCR amplicon) the step. sequenced on Illumina MiSeq Ion Torrent PGM platforms then analyzed using QIIME 1 (UCLUST) Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm 2 (DADA2) pipelines with taxonomic comparisons to Greengenes Ribosomal Database Project...

This study was designed to determine if providing wheat, corn, and rice as whole (WG) or refined grains (RG) under free-living conditions will change parameters of health over a six-week intervention in healthy, habitual non-WG consumers. Measurements body composition, fecal microbiota, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low (LDL), triglycerides were made at baseline post intervention. Subjects given adequate servings either WG RG products based on...

We set out to identify the viable and total bacterial content in milk as it passes through a large-scale, dairy product manufacturing plant for pasteurization, concentration, separation, blending, storage prior cheese manufacture. A of 142 samples were collected from up 10 pieces equipment period spanning 21 h on two collection dates spring late summer 2014. Bacterial composition was determined by 16S rRNA marker gene, high-throughput DNA sequencing. Milk paired such that half treated with...

Abstract Background Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among juvenile rhesus macaques. Characterized by inflammation the colon repeated bouts diarrhea, ICD largely unresponsive to medical interventions, including corticosteroid, antiparasitic, antibiotic treatments. Although accompanied large disruptions in composition commensal gut microbiome, no single pathogen has been concretely identified as responsible for onset continuation disease. Results...

TMAO is elevated in individuals with cardiometabolic diseases, but it unknown whether the metabolite a biomarker of concern healthy individuals. We conducted cross-sectional study metabolically adults aged 18-66 years BMI 18-44 kg/m2 and assessed relationship between diet, fecal microbiome, risk factors. was measured fasted plasma samples by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The microbiome 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing recent food intake captured multiple ASA24 dietary recalls....

Background Tryptophan (Trp) metabolites from intestinal bacteria (indole, indole acetic acid [IAA] and propionic [IPA]), the Trp metabolite kynurenine (Kyn) indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) pathway, are aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists thus, can regulate immune activity via AhR pathway. We hypothesized that plasma concentrations of these would be associated with markers activation in a cohort healthy adults manner consistent AhR-mediated immune-regulation. also Kyn/Trp ratio, marker...

Lactase persistence (LP) is a heritable trait in which lactose can be digested throughout adulthood. non-persistence (LNP) individuals who consume may experience microbial adaptations response to the undigested lactose. The objective of study was estimate from foods reported Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) and determine interaction between consumption, LP genotype gut microbiome an observational cross-sectional healthy U.S. adults (ClinicalTrials.gov...

Chronic inflammation may develop over time in healthy adults as a result of variety factors, such poor diet directly affecting the composition intestinal microbiome, or by causing obesity, which also affect microbiome. These effects trigger activation an immune response that could eventually lead to inflammation-related disease, colon cancer. Before disease develops it be possible identify subclinical attributable specific bacteria normally found gut future adverse health impacts. In present...

Abstract Expression of the Helicobacter pylori blood group antigen binding adhesin A (BabA) is more common in strains isolated from patients with peptic ulcer disease or gastric cancer, rather than asymptomatic colonization. Here we used mouse models to examine host determinants that affect H. BabA expression. expression was lost by phase variation as frequently WT mice RAG2−/− do not have functional B T cells, and MyD88−/−, TLR2−/− TLR4−/− are defective toll like receptor signaling. The...

Validated methods are needed to detect spoilage microbes present in low numbers foods and ingredients prior defect onset. We applied propidium monoazide combined with 16S rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR, isolate identification, pilot-scale cheese making identify the microorganisms that cause slit defects industrially produced Cheddar cheese. To investigate milk as source of microbes, bacterial composition was measured immediately before after high-temperature, short-time (HTST) pasteurization...

In this study, we examined Sicilian-style green olive fermentations upon the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae UCDFST 09-448 and/or Pichia kudriazevii UCDFST09-427 or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum AJ11R and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides BGM3R. Olives containing S. 09-448, a strain able to hydrolyze pectin, but not P. 09-427, nonpectinolytic strain, exhibited excessive tissue damage within 4 weeks. DNA sequencing fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions...

The microbial cells colonizing the human body form an ecosystem that is integral to regulation and maintenance of health. Elucidation specific associations between microbiome health outcomes facilitating development microbiome-targeted recommendations treatments (e.g., fecal microbiota transplant; pre-, pro-, post-biotics) help prevent treat disease. However, potential such improve has yet be fully realized. Technological advances have led proliferation a wide range tools methods collect,...

Gut microbes produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are associated with broad health benefits. However, it is not fully known how diet and/or the gut microbiome could be modulated to improve SCFA production.

Abstract An unhealthy gut microbial community may act as a barrier to improvement in growth and health outcomes response nutritional interventions. The objective of this analysis was determine whether the infant microbiota modified effects randomized controlled trial lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) Malawi on inflammation at 12 18 months, respectively. We characterized baseline composition fecal samples 6 months age (n = 506, prior supplementation, which extended months) using 16S rRNA...

Cellular homeostasis of zinc, an essential element for living organisms, is tightly regulated by a family zinc transporters. The transporter 7, ZnT7, highly expressed on the membrane Golgi complex intestinal epithelial cells and goblet cells. It has previously been shown that Znt7 knockout leads to deficiency decreased weight gain in C57BL/6 mice defined diet. However, effects within colon are unknown. Given expression profile Znt7, we set out analyze changes mucin density gut microbial...

Abstract DNA sequencing and analysis methods were compared for 16S rRNA V4 PCR amplicon gDNA mock communities encompassing nine bacterial species commonly found in milk dairy products. The examined using Illumina MiSeq Ion Torrent PGM followed by the QIIME 1 (UCLUST) Divisive Amplicon Denoising Algorithm 2 (DADA2) data pipelines including taxonomic comparisons to Greengenes Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) databases. Examination of community with these resulted Operation Taxonomy Units...