A5068609634- Gut microbiota and health
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Reproductive tract infections research
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Polar Research and Ecology
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Pelvic floor disorders treatments
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Digestive system and related health
- Marine animal studies overview
- Climate change and permafrost
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Environmental DNA in Biodiversity Studies
Stanford University
2015-2025
ORCID
2021
VA Palo Alto Health Care System
2020
Elizabethtown College
2016
University of Colorado Boulder
2004-2011
University of Chicago Medical Center
2011
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
2011
University of Colorado System
2010
Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed for first time to a wide array of microbes from variety sources, including maternal bacteria. Although prior studies have suggested that delivery mode shapes microbiota's establishment and, subsequently, its role in child health, most researchers focused on specific bacterial taxa or single body habitat, gut. Thus, initiation stage human microbiome development remains obscure. The goal present study was obtain community-wide perspective influence and...
Growing on You The human gut and skin harbor diverse microbial communities that are known to vary strikingly among individuals. Here, Costello et al. (p. 1694 , published online 5 November) analyzed diversity several distinct body habitats (including the gut, mouth, inside ears nose, skin) of same person at different times. They found habitat had more influence community composition than temporal differences variation people. Some locations, such as index finger, back knee, sole foot,...
Abstract Background Understanding the normal temporal variation in human microbiome is critical to developing treatments for putative microbiome-related afflictions such as obesity, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease and malnutrition. Sequencing computational technologies, however, have been a limiting factor performing dense time series analysis of microbiome. Here, we present largest microbiota date, covering two individuals at four body sites over 396 timepoints. Results We find...
Significance The human indigenous microbial communities (microbiota) play critical roles in health and may be especially important for mother fetus during pregnancy. Using a case-control cohort of 40 women, we characterized weekly variation the vaginal, gut, oral microbiota after Microbiota membership remained relatively stable at each body site An altered vaginal community was associated with preterm birth; this finding corroborated by an analysis samples from additional nine women. We also...
Human-associated microbial communities vary across individuals: possible contributing factors include (genetic) relatedness, diet, and age. However, our surroundings, including individuals with whom we interact, also likely shape communities. To quantify this exchange, surveyed fecal, oral, skin microbiota from 60 families (spousal units children, dogs, both, or neither). Household members, particularly couples, shared more of their than different households, stronger effects co-habitation...
Recent work has demonstrated that the diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities is far higher than previously recognized, with a high degree interindividual variability in composition communities. Given skin are personalized, we hypothesized could use residual bacteria left on objects for forensic identification, matching object to individual who touched object. Here describe series studies de-monstrating validity this approach. We show can be readily recovered from surfaces...
The gastrointestinal microbiome undergoes shifts in species and strain abundances, yet dynamics involving closely related microorganisms remain largely unknown because most methods cannot resolve them. We developed new metagenomic utilized them to track level variations microbial communities 11 fecal samples collected from a premature infant during the first month of life. Ninety six percent sequencing reads were assembled into scaffolds >500 bp length that could be assigned organisms at...
Bacteria control major nutrient cycles and directly influence plant, animal human health. However, we know relatively little about the forces shaping their large-scale ecological ranges. Here, reveal patterns in distribution of individual bacterial taxa at multiple levels phylogenetic resolution within between Earth's habitat types. Our analyses suggest that while macro-scale habitats structure to some degree, abundant bacteria (i.e. detectable using 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods) are...
Significance Premature birth (PTB) is a major global public health burden. Previous studies have suggested an association between altered vaginal microbiota composition and PTB, although findings across been inconsistent. To address these inconsistencies, improve upon our previous signature, better understand the microbiota’s role in we conducted case-control study two cohorts of pregnant women: one predominantly Caucasian at low risk second African American high risk. With results, were...
Soil microbial communities have the metabolic and genetic capability to adapt changing environmental conditions on very short time scales. In this paper we combine biogeochemical molecular approaches reveal potential, showing that biomass can turn over scales of days months in soil, resulting a succession course year. This new understanding year-round turnover allows us for first propose temporally explicit N cycle provides mechanistic hypotheses explain both loss retention dissolved organic...
Background Our current understanding of the composition and stability human distal gut microbiota is based largely on studies infants adults living in developed countries. In contrast, little known about its variation over time older children adolescents, especially developing Methodology/Principal Findings We compared diversity, composition, temporal fecal healthy children, ages 9 to 14 years, an urban slum Bangladesh with that same age range upper-middle class suburban community United...
Significance Our data demonstrate that differences in host genotype affect the carbohydrate landscape of distal gut interact with diet to alter composition and function resident microbes a diet-dependent manner.
Bacteria are abundant in the atmosphere, where they often represent a major portion of organic aerosols. Potential pathogens plants and livestock commonly dispersed through airborne bacteria can have important effects on human health as or triggers allergic asthma seasonal allergies. Despite their importance, diversity biogeography microorganisms remain poorly understood. We used high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze bacterial communities present aerosol fraction containing fine...
Abstract Marine mammals play crucial ecological roles in the oceans, but little is known about their microbiotas. Here we study bacterial communities 337 samples from 5 body sites 48 healthy dolphins and 18 sea lions, as well those of adjacent seawater other hosts. The taxonomic compositions are distinct mammals, dietary fish seawater, highly diverse vary according to site host species. Dolphins harbour 30 phyla, with 25 them mouth, several abundant poorly characterized Tenericutes species...
Individuals who are minoritized as a result of race, sexual identity, gender, or socioeconomic status experience higher prevalence many diseases. Understanding the biological processes that cause and maintain these socially driven health inequities is essential for addressing them. The gut microbiome strongly shaped by host environments affects metabolic, immune, neuroendocrine functions, making it an important pathway which differences in experiences caused social, political, economic...
Global climate change has accelerated the pace of glacial retreat in high-latitude and high-elevation environments, exposing lands that remain devoid vegetation for many years. The exposure ‘new’ soil is particularly apparent at high elevations (5000 metres above sea level) Peruvian Andes, where extreme environmental conditions hinder plant colonization. Nonetheless, these seemingly barren soils contain a diverse microbial community; yet biogeochemical role micro-organisms remains unknown....
Studies in mice indicate that the gut microbiota promotes energy harvest and storage from components of diet when these are plentiful. Here we examine how shapes host metabolic physiologic adaptations to periods nutrient deprivation. Germ-free (GF) who had received a transplant conventionally raised donors were compared fed fasted states by using functional genomic, biochemical, assays. A 24-h fast produces marked change microbial ecology. Short-chain fatty acids generated fermentation...
The intestinal microbiome is a critical determinant of human health. Alterations in its composition have been correlated with chronic disorders, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease adults, may be associated neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis premature infants. Increasing evidence suggests that strain-level genomic variation underpin distinct ecological trajectories within mixed populations, yet there few strain-resolved analyses genotype–phenotype connections the context...
Summary Cold, water‐saturated soils play important biogeochemical roles, yet almost nothing is known about the identity and habitat of microbes active under such conditions. We investigated year‐round microenvironment an alpine tundra wet meadow soil in Colorado Rocky Mountains, focusing on biogeochemistry microbial diversity spring snowmelt – a dynamic time for ecosystems. In situ measurements revealed autumn periods long‐term temperature stability near 0°C, that deeper (30 cm) was more...
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the composition and richness bacterial communities associated with low-birthweight (LBW) infants in relation host body site, individual, age. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes from saliva samples, skin swabs, stool samples collected on postnatal days 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21 six LBW (five premature) were amplified, pyrosequenced, analyzed within a comparative framework that included analogous data normal-birthweight (NBW) healthy adults. We found site...