A5087250905- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Malaria Research and Control
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Data-Driven Disease Surveillance
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Respiratory viral infections research
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Healthcare Policy and Management
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
Yale University
2019-2023
University of Michigan
2016-2021
Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics
2014-2020
State Street (United States)
2018
Estimates of the reproductive number for novel pathogens, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, are essential understanding potential trajectory epidemics and levels intervention that needed to bring under control. However, most methods estimating basic (R0) time-varying effective (Rt) assume fraction cases detected reported is constant through time. We explored impact secular changes in diagnostic testing reporting on estimates R0 Rt using simulated data. then compared...
Less than 30% of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients are currently diagnosed, due to laboratory constraints. Molecular diagnostics enable rapid and simplified diagnosis. Newer-version line probe assays have not been evaluated against the WHO-endorsed Hain GenoType MTBDRplus (referred as version 1 [V1]) for detection rifampin (RIF) isoniazid (INH) resistance. A two-phase noninferiority study was conducted in two supranational reference laboratories allow head-to-head...
Reported COVID-19 cases and deaths provide a delayed incomplete picture of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States (US). Accurate estimates both timing magnitude are needed to characterize viral transmission dynamics better understand disease burden. We estimated time trends other outcomes for every county US, from first reported case January 13, 2020 through 1, 2021. To do so we employed Bayesian modeling approach that explicitly accounts reporting delays variation ascertainment,...
The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains critically high in countries the former Soviet Union, where >20% new cases and >50% previously treated have resistance to rifampin isoniazid. Transmission resistant strains, as opposed selected through inadequate treatment drug-susceptible (TB), is main driver incident MDR-TB these countries.We conducted a prospective, genomic analysis all culture-positive TB diagnosed 2018 2019 Republic Moldova. We used phylogenetic methods...
Implementing effective interventions remain a lot of difficulties along all border regions. The emergence artemisinin resistance Plasmodium falciparum strains in the Greater Mekong Subregion is matter great concern. China has effectively controlled cross-border transmission malaria and P. China-Myanmar border.A combined quantitative qualitative study was used to collect data, then an integrated impact evaluation conducted control during 2007-2013.The parasite prevalence rate (PPR) five...
Myanmar is one of the 31 highest burden malaria countries worldwide. Scaling up appropriate use insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) a national policy for prevention and control. However, data on use, influencing factors maintenance bed still lack among population in Kachin Special Region II (KR2), Northeastern Myanmar.The study combined quantitative household questionnaire survey qualitative direct observation households. A Chi-squared test was used to compare percentages ownership, coverage,...
Abstract Estimates of the reproductive number for novel pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 are essential understanding potential trajectory epidemic and level intervention that is needed to bring under control. However, most methods estimating basic ( R 0 ) time-varying effective t assume fraction cases detected reported constant through time. We explore impact secular changes in diagnostic testing reporting on estimates using simulated data. then compare these patterns data COVID-19 practices...
Reported COVID-19 cases and deaths provide a delayed incomplete picture of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the United States (US). Accurate estimates both timing magnitude are needed to characterize viral transmission dynamics better understand disease burden. We estimated time trends other outcomes for every county US, from first reported case January 13, 2020 through 1, 2021. To do so we employed Bayesian modeling approach that explicitly accounts reporting delays variation ascertainment,...
Background Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are an integral part of vector control recommendations for malaria elimination in China. This study investigated the extent to which bed were used and factors influence net use among Jinuo Ethnic Minority China-Myanmar-Laos border areas. Methods Findings combined a quantitative household questionnaire survey qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews (SDI). Questionnaires administered 352 heads households. SDIs given 20 key informants. The...
Development of rapid diagnostic tests for tuberculosis is a global priority. A whole proteome screen identified Mycobacterium antigens associated with serological responses in patients. We used World Health Organization (WHO) target product profile (TPP) criteria detection test and triage to evaluate these antigens. Consecutive patients presenting microscopy centers district hospitals Peru outpatient clinics at reference center Vietnam were recruited. tested blood samples from 755...
The microbiological diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in children is challenging, as it relies on the collection relatively invasive specimens by trained health care workers, which not feasible many settings.
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a standard component of first-line treatment regimens for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and included in drug-resistant M. whenever possible. Therefore, it imperative that susceptibility to PZA be assessed reliably prior the initiation therapy. Currently available growth-based tests are time-consuming, results can inconsistent. Molecular have been developed most antituberculosis drugs; however, commercial molecular test not yet rapid detection resistance. Recently, line...
Policy makers need decision tools to determine when use physical distancing interventions maximize the control of COVID-19 while minimizing economic and social costs these interventions. We describe a pragmatic tool characterize adaptive policies that combine real-time surveillance data with clear rules guide trigger, continue, or stop during current pandemic. In model-based experiments, we find characterized by our proposed approach prevent more deaths require shorter overall duration than...
Improved and affordable diagnostic or triage tests are urgently needed at the microscopy centre level. Automated digital has potential to overcome issues related conventional microscopy, including training time requirement inconsistencies in results interpretation.For this blinded prospective study, sputum samples were collected from adults with presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis Lima, Peru Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. TBDx performance was evaluated as a stand-alone test against Xpert, culture...
Abstract Background Cholera is a major public health concern in displaced-person camps, which often contend with overcrowding and scarcity of resources. Maela, the largest longest-standing refugee camp Thailand, located along Thai-Burmese border, experienced four cholera outbreaks between 2005 2010. In 2013, vaccine campaign was implemented camp. To assist evaluation planning for subsequent campaigns, we developed mathematical model Maela. Methods We formulated...
Norovirus outbreaks are notoriously explosive, with dramatic symptomology and rapid disease spread. Children particularly vulnerable to infection drive norovirus transmission due their high contact rates each other the environment. Despite explosive nature of outbreaks, attack in schools daycares remain low majority students not reporting symptoms.
Introduction Despite recent diagnostic advances, the majority of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases remain undiagnosed. Line probes assays (LiPAs) hold great promise to curb spread MDR-TB as they can rapidly detect even when laboratory infrastructure is limited, yet few these are currently widely available or supported by World Health Organization (WHO) policy. Methods The aim this prospective, blinded, non-inferiority study was compare performance YD Diagnostics REBA MTB MDR...
Mathematical models have suggested that spatially-targeted screening interventions for tuberculosis may efficiently accelerate disease control, but empirical data supporting these findings are limited. Previous demonstrating substantial impacts of typically simulated large-scale efforts and not attempted to capture the spatial distribution in households communities at a high resolution. Here, we calibrate an individual-based model locations case notifications one district Lima, Peru. We...
There is an emerging consensus that achieving global tuberculosis control targets will require more proactive case finding approaches than are currently used in high-incidence settings. Household contact tracing (HHCT), for which households of newly diagnosed cases actively screened additional infected individuals a potentially efficient approach to new tuberculosis, however randomized trials assessing the population-level effects such interventions settings with sustained community...
Noroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in United States and outbreaks frequently occur daycare settings. Results norovirus vaccine trials have been promising, however there open questions as to whether vaccination children would be cost-effective. We investigated incremental cost-effectiveness a hypothetical for settings compared no vaccination. conducted model-based analysis using disease transmission model attending daycare. Vaccination with 90% coverage rate addition...
Abstract Background Large norovirus (NoV) outbreaks are explosive in nature and vary widely final size duration, suggesting that superspreading combined with heterogeneous contact may explain these dynamics. Modeling tools can capture heterogeneity infectiousness important for NoV outbreak prevention control, yet they remain limited. Methods Data from a large at Dutch scout jamboree, which resulted illness among 326 (of 4500 total) individuals 7 separate camps, were used to examine the...
Abstract Background The incidence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) remains critically high in countries the former Soviet Union, where >20% new cases and >50% previously-treated have resistance to rifampin isoniazid. Transmission resistant strains, as opposed selected through inadequate treatment drug-susceptible TB, is main driver incident MDR-TB these countries. Methods We conducted a prospective, genomic analysis all culture-positive TB diagnosed 2018 2019 Republic...