Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the common and final pathologic change of kidney in end-stage renal disease. Interesting, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress known to contribute pathophysiological mechanisms during development fibrosis. Here, we investigated effects chemical chaperon sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) on vivo vitro. In a rat unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model, 4-PBA mimicked endogenous ER kidneys significantly reduced glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78),...

Plasticizer di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is known as an endocrine disruptor and a peroxisome proliferator. A currently epidemiological study has suggested that daily high DEHP intake from phthalate-tainted foods in children may be risk factor for renal dysfunction. can leach medical devices such blood storage bags the tubing. Long-term exposure to associated with nephropathy exacerbates chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) progression. However, detailed effects molecular mechanisms remain...

Nobiletin (Nob), a critical active flavonoid of citrus fruits, has received attention for its superior physical functions, which have shown to improve the progression diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is recognized as global health problem, and mortality morbidity rates are worsened with an increased risk accompanying disorders. In this study, we aimed elucidate whether Nob treatment ameliorates fibrosis also identify potential signaling networks in unilateral ureteral obstructive (UUO)...

The therapeutic effect of pterosin A, a small-molecular-weight natural product, on diabetes was investigated. Pterosin administered orally for 4 weeks, effectively improved hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in streptozotocin, high-fat diet–fed, db/db diabetic mice. There were no adverse effects normal or mice treated with A weeks. significantly reversed the increased serum insulin resistance (IR) dexamethasone-IR reduced muscle GLUT-4 translocation liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxyl...

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of to target organs such as brain, heart, and kidneys. Renal from I/R, which may occur in renal transplantation, surgery, trauma, or sepsis, known be an important acute kidney injury. The detailed molecular mechanism I/R still not fully clear. Here, we investigate the role AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-evoked autophagy proximal tubular cell death vitro model. To mimic vivo injury, LLC-PK1 cells, line derived pig kidney, were treated...

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major cause of acute renal failure. The mechanisms I/R injury include endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inflammatory responses, hypoxia, and generation reactive oxygen species (ROS). CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous (CHOP) involved in the ER stress signaling pathways. CHOP transcription factor mediator stress-induced apoptosis. However, role still undefined. Here, we investigated whether could regulate I/R-induced using CHOP-knockout...

Abstract Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO 2 NPs) are widely applied in industry, chemical, and cosmetics. SiO NPs is known to induce pulmonary toxicity. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of on toxicity using a lung alveolar epithelial cell (L2) model. NPs, which primary particle size was 12 nm, caused accumulation intracellular Si, decrease viability, mRNAs expression surfactant, including surfactant protein (SP)-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D. induced L2 apoptosis. The...

Methylmercury (MeHg), a long-lasting organic pollutant, is known to induce cytotoxic effects in mammalian cells. Epidemiological studies have suggested that environmental exposure MeHg linked the development of diabetes mellitus (DM). The exact molecular mechanism MeHg-induced pancreatic β-cell cytotoxicity still unclear. Here, we found (1-4 μM) significantly decreased insulin secretion and cell viability β-cell-derived RIN-m5F A concomitant elevation mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic events...

Renal fibrosis acts as the common pathway leading to development of end-stage renal disease. The present study investigated, in vivo and vitro, anti-fibrotic anti-inflammatory effects, particularly on epithelial mesenchymal transition tubular cells, exerted by honokiol, a phytochemical used traditional medicine, mechanisms underlying these effects.Anti-fibrotic effects were assayed rat model [the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model]. A cell line (NRK-52E) was stimulated transforming...

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Nano-TiO2) are gradually being used extensively in clinical settings, industry, and daily life. Accumulation studies showed that Nano-TiO2 exposure is able to cause injuries various animal organs, including the lung, liver, spleen, kidney. However, it remains unclear whether of by inhalation causes renal fibrosis. Here, we investigated role reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen (RNS) related signaling molecules chronic damage after mice. Mice were...

Neurodegenerative disorders are growing burdens in modern societies because of increased life expectancy. Most neurodegenerative commonly possess a similar neuropathological feature - the accumulation abnormal protein aggregates or inclusions (misfolded proteins) brain. One main functions endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is to initiate proper folding facilitate secretion through induction unfolded response (UPR). C/EBP homologous (CHOP) has been demonstrated be signaling event underlying ER...

Arsenic is a ubiquitous toxic element and known to contaminate drinking water in many countries. Several epidemiological studies have shown that arsenic exposure augments the risk of bone disorders. However, detailed effect mechanism inorganic on osteoblast differentiation marrow stromal cells loss still remain unclear. We investigated effects vitro evaluated mineral density (BMD) microstructure rats at doses relevant human from water. used cell model rat primary (BMSCs) long-term with...

Defective activation and proliferation in microglial cells has been suggested to be associated with the increase of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We investigated protection molecular mechanism green tea catechin on hypoxia/reperfusion-induced cell injury vitro. Microglial were cultured hypoxia condition (O2 < 1%) then re-incubated complete normal culture medium (reperfusion). Hypoxia/reperfusion obviously decreased viability induced apoptosis cells, but not neuronal cells. Catechin...

Abstract Tributyltin (TBT), an endocrine disrupting chemical, can be found in food (particular fish and seafood) drinking water by contamination. Here, we elucidated the effects possible mechanisms of low-dose TBT on growth function pancreatic β-cells glucose metabolism mice. Submicromolar-concentration significantly induced β-cell cytotoxicity apoptosis, which were accompanied poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage mitogen-activated protein kinases-JNK ERK1/2 phosphorylation. could also...

Stroke, which is the second leading cause of mortality in world, urgently needed to explore medical strategies for ischemic stroke treatment. Both icariin (ICA) and icaritin (ICT) are major active flavonoids extracted from Herba epimedii that have been regarded as neuroprotective agents disease models. In this study, we aimed investigate compare effects ICA ICT a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mouse model. Male ICR mice were pretreated with both ICT, ameliorated body weight loss,...

Contrast medium (CM) induces a direct toxic effect on renal tubular cells. This may have role in the pathophysiology of CM-induced nephropathy. CM has been shown to affect endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–related capacity. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is known as prosurvival reduce accumulation unfolded proteins and restore normal ER function. However, stress–related UPR cell injury still remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether participates urografin (an ionic CM)-induced cells...

Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is an important pathogenic feature in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, regardless of the initiating insults. A recent study has shown that CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous (CHOP) involved acute ischemia/reperfusion-related injury through oxidative stress induction. However, influence CHOP on disease-correlated remains unclear. Here, we investigated role unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced experimental...

Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a mitochondrial chaperone. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been shown to interfere with the β-cell function. We hypothesized that AGEs induced hypertrophy and dysfunction through HSP60 dysregulation pathway during stage of islet/β-cell type-2-diabetes. investigated role in AGEs-induced using models diabetic mice cultured β-cells. Hypertrophy, increased levels p27Kip1, AGEs, receptor for (RAGE), decreased HSP60, insulin, ATP content were obviously...

The incidence of stroke recurrence is still higher despite the advanced progression therapeutic treatment and medical technology. Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been demonstrated to possess effects on neuronal diseases via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induction. In this study, we hypothesized that LIPUS possessed benefits for improvement recurrence. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were subjected a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery then followed secondary MCAO...

Nootkatone is one of the major active ingredients Alpiniae oxyphyllae, which has been used as both food and medicinal plants for treatment diarrhea, ulceration, enuresis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nootkatone ameliorated progression chronic kidney diseases (CKD) clarified its underlying mechanisms in an obstructive nephropathy (unilateral ureteral obstructive; UUO) mouse model. Our results revealed that preventively decreased pathological changes significantly mitigated...