A5016442790- Gut microbiota and health
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Gene Regulatory Network Analysis
- Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Cancer Research and Treatments
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
- Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
2018-2025
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
2018-2025
Harvard University
2015-2023
Boston VA Research Institute
2019-2023
Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences
2021
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2016
Weizmann Institute of Science
2004-2014
California Institute of Technology
2008-2009
Gut microbes make T cells keep the peace Our guts harbor trillions of microbial inhabitants, some which regulate types immune that are present in gut. For instance, Clostridium species bacteria induce a type cell promotes tolerance between host and its contents. Ohnmacht et al. Sefik characterized population gut regulatory mice, required microbiota to survive. Multiple bacterial could transcription factor–expressing helped maintain homeostasis. Mice engineered lack these factors exhibited...
Why do seemingly identical cells respond differently to a drug? To address this, we studied the dynamics and variability of protein response human cancer chemotherapy drug, camptothecin. We present dynamic-proteomics approach that measures levels locations nearly 1000 different endogenously tagged proteins in individual living at high temporal resolution. All show rapid translocation specific drug mechanism, including target (topoisomerase-1), slower, wide-ranging waves degradation...
Th17 cells accrue in the intestine response to particular microbes. In rodents, segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) induce intestinal cells, but analogously functioning microbes humans remain undefined. Here, we identified human symbiont bacterial species, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, that could, alone, murine intestine. Similar SFB, B. adolescentis was closely associated with gut epithelium and engendered cognate without attendant inflammation. However, elicited a transcriptional program...
Cells remove proteins by two processes: degradation and dilution due to cell growth. The balance between these basic processes is poorly understood. We addressed this developing an accurate noninvasive method for measuring protein half-lives, called "bleach-chase," that applicable fluorescently tagged proteins. Assaying 100 in living human cancer cells showed half-lives ranged 45 minutes 22.5 hours. A variety of stresses stop division the same general effect: Long-lived became longer-lived,...
Significance Mechanisms of competition are not well-studied in the mammalian gut microbiota, especially among abundant species this ecosystem. Theoretical models predict that antagonistic mechanisms should profoundly affect member fitness, yet identification and experimental analyses such factors few. Here we show Bacteroides fragilis produce T6SSs deploy previously undescribed toxins able to antagonize numerous human Bacteroidales. We these systems synthesized allow a producing strain...
The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect human microbiome in infected and uninfected individuals, having a substantial impact on health over long term. This intersects with decades-long decline microbial diversity ancestral microbes due hygiene, antibiotics, urban living (the hygiene hypothesis). High-risk groups succumbing include those preexisting conditions, such as diabetes obesity, which are also associated abnormalities. Current control measures practices will have broad,...
Reversible genomic DNA inversions control the expression of numerous gut bacterial molecules, but how this impacts disease remains uncertain. By analyzing metagenomic samples from inflammatory bowel (IBD) cohorts, we identified multiple invertible regions where a particular orientation correlated with disease. These include promoter polysaccharide A (PSA) Bacteroides fragilis, which induces regulatory T cells (Tregs) and ameliorates experimental colitis. The PSA was mostly oriented "OFF" in...
Abstract The gut microbiota is now well known to affect the host’s immune system. One way of bacterial communication with host cells via secretion vesicles, small membrane structures containing various cargo. Research on vesicles secreted by Gram-positive bacteria, their mechanisms interaction and immune-modulatory effects are still relatively scarce. Here we characterized size, protein content, extracellular (EVs) a newly sequenced human symbiont strain - Bifidobacterium longum AO44. We...
There is increasing evidence that interactions between microbes and their hosts not only play a role in determining health disease but also emotions, thought, behavior. Built environments greatly influence microbiome exposures because of built-in highly specific microbiomes coproduced with myriad metaorganisms including humans, pets, plants, rodents, insects. Seemingly static built structures host complex ecologies microorganisms are starting to be mapped. These microbial directly...
A key circuit in the response of cells to damage is p53-mdm2 feedback loop. This shows sustained, noisy oscillations individual human following DNA breaks. Here, we apply an engineering approach known as systems identification quantify vivo interactions on basis accurate measurements its power spectrum. We obtained oscillation time courses p53 and Mdm2 protein levels from several hundred analyzed their Fourier spectra. find characteristic spectra with distinct low-frequency components that...
Abstract Background Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. We assessed the potential of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) eradicate CPE carriage aimed explain failure or success through microbiome analyses. Methods In this prospective cohort study, all consenting eligible carriers received oral capsulized FMT for 2 days. Primary outcome was eradication at 1 month, defined by 3 consecutive negative rectal swabs, last also...
Patterns of diurnal activity differ substantially between individuals, with early risers and late sleepers being examples opposite chronotypes. Growing evidence suggests that the chronotype significantly impacts risk developing mood disorders, obesity, diabetes, other chronic diseases. Despite vast potential utilizing information for precision medicine, those factors shape chronotypes remain poorly understood. Here, we assessed whether various are associated different gut microbiome...
Many countries are currently in a state of lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. One key requirement safely transition out is continuous testing population identify infected subjects. Currently, detection performed at points care using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, thus requiring dedicated professionals and equipment. Here, we developed protocol based on reverse transcribed loop-mediated isothermal amplification for SARS-CoV-2. This applied directly nose throat swabs, with no...
Background Infected diabetic foot ulcers (IDFU) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus. These potentially limb-threatening challenging to treat due impaired wound healing characterizing patients and the complex microbial environment these ulcers. Aim To analyze microbiome IDFU in association with clinical outcomes. Methods Wound biopsies from were obtained hospitalized analyzed using traditional microbiology cultures, 16S rRNA sequencing metagenomic sequencing. Patients’...
Bacterial genomic DNA inversions, which govern molecular phase-variations, provide the bacteria with functional plasticity and phenotypic diversity. These targeted rearrangements enable to respond environmental challenges, such as bacteriophage predation, evading immune detection or gut colonization. This study investigated short- long-term effects of lytic phage Barc2635 on Bacteroides fragilis, a commensal. Germ-free mice were colonized B. fragilis exposed identify alterations driving...