A5023153459- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Neuroscience and Music Perception
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Psychological and Educational Research Studies
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Child and Animal Learning Development
Duke University
2015-2024
Cognitive Research (United States)
2010-2021
Duke University Hospital
1990-2018
Duke Medical Center
1990-2018
National University of Singapore
2013
University of Birmingham
2013
Institute of Mental Health
2013
Yonsei University
2010
University of California, San Francisco
2000-2009
Stanford University
2005-2006
How does the brain translate information signaling potential rewards into motivation to get them? Motivation obtain reward is thought depend on midbrain [particularly ventral tegmental area (VTA)], nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), but it not clear how interactions among these regions relate reward-motivated behavior. To study influence of reward-responsive their interactions, we used dynamic causal modeling analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging...
Recent functional imaging work in individuals experiencing an at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis has implicated dorsal striatal abnormalities the emergence of psychotic symptoms, contrasting with earlier findings implicating ventral striatum. Our aims here were to characterize putative and circuit-level ARMS using resting-state magnetic resonance (fMRI) investigate their relationship positive symptoms. Resting-state fMRI was acquired 74 subjects 35 matched healthy controls. An...
Learning how to obtain rewards requires learning about their contexts and likely causes. How do long-term memory mechanisms balance the need represent potential determinants of reward outcomes with computational burden an over-inclusive memory? One solution would be enhance for salient events that occur during anticipation, because all such are reward. We tested whether motivation enhances encoding like expectancy violations. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, participants...
Reward motivation has been demonstrated to enhance declarative memory by facilitating systems-level consolidation. Although high-reward information is often intermixed with lower reward during an experience, for high value prioritized. How this selectivity achieved? One possibility that postencoding consolidation processes bias strengthening those representations associated higher reward. To test hypothesis, we investigated the influence of differential on markers Human participants encoded...
Significance Our brains draw on memories to predict the future; when our predictions are incorrect, we must update improve future predictions. Past studies have demonstrated that hippocampus signals prediction error (i.e., surprise) but not linked this neural signal memory updating. Here, uncover missing connection. We show mnemonic errors change role of hippocampus, reversing relationship between hippocampal activation and outcomes. examine mechanisms shift in processing, showing disrupt...
The subjective experience of allocating one's attentional resources among competing tasks is nearly universal, and most current models cognition include a mechanism that performs this allocation; examples the central executive system supervisory system. Yet, exact form an might take even its necessity for are controversial. Dual-task paradigms have commonly been used to investigate function. few neuroimaging studies these yielded contradictory findings. Using functional MRI, we imaged brain...
The effects of a moderate dose caffeine on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity were examined in 25 healthy male subjects selected as habitual or light consumers caffeine. Measurements taken under resting conditions before after administration (3.5 mg/kg) placebo, during stressful laboratory task, post-stress recovery period. Caffeine elevated blood pressure plasma norepinephrine levels at rest, which added significantly to the stress. potentiated stress-related increases...
Background Patients with schizophrenia (SZ) characteristically exhibit supranormal levels of cortical activity to self-induced sensory stimuli, ostensibly because abnormalities in the neural signals (corollary discharges, CDs) normatively involved suppressing consequences self-generated actions. The nature these is unknown. This study investigated whether SZ patients experience CDs that are abnormally delayed their arrival at cortex. Method Twenty-one and 25 matched control participants...
Memory retrieval is typically a goal-directed behavior, and as such, potentially influenced by reinforcement motivation processes. Although striatal activation often evident during memory retrieval, its functional significance remains unclear because typical paradigms do not control the motivational of decisions. We used event-related magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate recognition with without performance-linked monetary incentives. During initial performance in absence...
Neural circuits associated with motivated declarative encoding and active threat avoidance have both been described, but the relative contribution of these systems to punishment-motivated remains unknown. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans examine mechanisms memory enhancement when subjects were avoid punishments that contingent on forgetting. A motivational cue each trial informed participants whether they would be punished or not for forgetting an...
To benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), individuals must not only learn new skills but also strategically implement them outside of session. Here, we tested a novel technique for personalizing CBT and facilitating their generalization to daily life. We hypothesized that showing participants the impact specific strategies on own brain function using real-time functional magnetic imaging (rt-fMRI) neurofeedback would increase metacognitive awareness, help identify effective...
Background Salience network (SN) dysconnectivity has been hypothesized to contribute schizophrenia. Nevertheless, little is known about the functional and structural of SN in subjects at risk for psychosis. We that connectivity would be disrupted with At-Risk Mental State (ARMS) associated symptom severity disease progression. Method examined 87 ARMS 37 healthy participants using both resting-state magnetic resonance imaging diffusion tensor imaging. Group differences were a seed-based...
The present study investigated the effects of approach versus avoidance motivation on declarative learning. Human participants navigated a virtual reality version Morris water task, classic spatial memory paradigm, adapted to permit experimental manipulation during During this were instructed navigate correct platforms while avoiding incorrect platforms. To manipulate motivational states either rewarded for navigating locations (approach) or punished (avoidance). Participants’ skin...
There is cumulative evidence that young people in an "at-risk mental state" (ARMS) for psychosis show structural brain abnormalities frontolimbic areas, comparable to, but less extensive than those reported established schizophrenia. However, most available data come from ARMS samples Australia, Europe, and North America while large studies other populations are missing. We conducted a magnetic resonance imaging study relatively sample of 69 individuals 32 matched healthy controls (HC)...