A5101604139- Reproductive tract infections research
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Syphilis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Genital Health and Disease
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Urologic and reproductive health conditions
- Healthcare Decision-Making and Restraints
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Infection Control in Healthcare
- HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
University of KwaZulu-Natal
2010-2022
National Health Laboratory Service
2017
University of the Witwatersrand
2017
Infection Prevention Society
2016
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
2011
Montefiore Medical Center
2011
Yale University
2011
Philanjalo
2011
Ealing Hospital
2011
Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital
2008
We assessed the association between causative agents of vaginal discharge and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) among women attending a rural sexually transmitted clinic in South Africa; role played by coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied. Vaginal cervical specimens were obtained to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, bacterial vaginosis. HIV-1 infection established use serum antibody tests. A total 696 recruited,...
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) are now major threats in areas of South Africa with a high prevalence TB human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The role exogenous reinfection as cause MDR XDR these settings has not been determined.We reviewed data from patients culture-positive who later developed or Tugela Ferry, KwaZulu-Natal, during 2005-2006. We performed spoligotyping on initial isolates (obtained at the time treatment initiation)...
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-tuberculosis) is a global public health threat, but few data exist elucidating factors driving this epidemic. The initial XDR-tuberculosis report from South Africa suggested transmission an important factor, detailed epidemiologic and molecular analyses were not available for further characterization.We performed retrospective, observational study among patients to identify hospital-associated links. We used spoligotyping, IS6110-based restriction...
We report the prevalence and incidence of 3 treatable sexually transmitted pathogens (Neiserria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis) in women who were HIV infected or at high risk for infection, pregnancy postpartum, respectively.Vulvovaginal specimens collected first antenatal visit again 14 weeks postpartum tested N. C. T. vaginalis laboratory. Women routinely HIV-1 with a point-of-care test.Among 1480 women, 32.3% (95% confidence interval, 29.9-34.7) positive any...
Vaginal discharge of mixed etiology occurs frequently, with abnormal vaginal flora being the most common condition. The interrelationships among disturbance ecology, presence yeasts, and infection Trichomonas vaginalis human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were investigated women presenting to a sexually transmitted diseases service. Analysis was done for 598 women. Although prevalence HIV-1 increased linearly increasing Nugent's score (bacterial vaginosis Gram stain), T. suddenly,...
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) has been detected in most provinces of South Africa, particularly the KwaZulu-Natal province where several hundred cases have reported since 2004. We analyzed transmission dynamics XDR TB region using mathematical models, and observed that nosocomial clusters may emerge into community-based epidemics under public health conditions many African communities. The effective reproductive number be around 2. Intensified case finding therapy appears...
Abstract We expanded second-line tuberculosis (TB) drug susceptibility testing for extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium isolates from South Africa. Of 19 patients with TB identified during February 2008–April 2009, 13 (68%) had resistant to all 8 drugs tested. This resistance leaves no effective treatment available in
The clinical management of tuberculosis is a major challenge in southern Africa. prevalence within-host genetically heterogeneous Mycobacterium infection and its effect on treatment response are not well understood. We enrolled 500 patients with KwaZulu-Natal followed them through 2 months treatment. Using mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units–variable number tandem repeats genotyping to identify heterogeneity, we report the evaluate association heterogeneity response. Upon initiation...
Rationale: Mortality is exceedingly high and rapid among patients infected with HIV tuberculosis (TB), in part because of limited access to appropriate TB diagnostics. The microscopic observation drug-susceptibility (MODS) assay a simple, rapid, low-cost test for multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, but data individuals Africa are limited.Objectives: To evaluate the MODS high-HIV-prevalence setting.Methods: We performed prospective diagnostic accuracy study consecutive adults suspected have from...
In the course of our search for anti-dormant mycobacterial substances from marine organisms, we previously isolated three new aminolipopeptides, named trichoderins A, A1 and B, culture sponge-derived fungus Trichoderma sp. determined their chemical structures. To identify gene that could confer a resistance to trichoderin prepared transformants Mycobacterium (M.) smegmatis, which were transformed with genomic DNA library M. bovis BCG constructed in multi-copy shuttle cosmid pYUB145. Then,...
Objectives It has been hypothesised that ectopy may be associated with increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In this cross-sectional study, we wanted explore the association between STIs (including HIV) and cervical ectopy. Methods We included 700 active young women attending randomly selected high schools in a rural district KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The is endemic of HIV prevalence STIs. did computer-assisted measurements ectocervical area covered by...
Tuberculosis affects nine million individuals and kills almost two people every year. The only vaccine available, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), has been used since its inception in 1921. Although BCG induces host-protective T helper 1 (Th1) cell immune responses, which play a central role host protection, efficacy is unsatisfactory, suggesting that additional methods to enhance protective responses are needed. Recently we have shown simultaneous inhibition of Th2 cells Tregs by using the...
Objectives: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of subpreputial penile wetness to investigate association between current levels HIV infection. Methods: Male attenders at a sexually transmitted infections clinic in Durban, South Africa were enrolled treated for their presenting infection complaint. They asked return after 14 days when structured questionnaire was administered, degree glans penis coronal sulcus assessed clinically. Results: Six hundred fifty men enrolled, 488 (75%)...
Background In 2005 a cluster of 53 HIV-infected patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) was detected in the Msinga sub-district, catchment area for Church Scotland Hospital (CoSH) Tugela Ferry, KwaZulu-Natal province (KZN), South Africa. KZN is divided into 11 healthcare districts. We sought to determine distribution XDR TB cases relation population density. Methods this cross-sectional study, laboratory database analysed. Results all sputum culture positive...
Abstract Multidrug- (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) are commonly associated with Beijing strains. However, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which has among the highest incidence mortality for MDR XDR TB, data suggest that non-Beijing strains driving epidemic. We conducted a retrospective study to characterize strain prevalence drug-susceptible, MDR, TB cases determine associations between type survival. Among 297 isolates from 2005–2006, 49 spoligotype patterns were...
Infections with the sexually transmitted parasite Trichomonas vaginalis are normally treated metronidazole, but cure rates suboptimal and recurrence following treatment high. Therefore, our objective was to assess in vitro antitrichomonas activities of three other 5-nitroimidazole drugs compare them metronidazole. T. isolates (n = 94) isolated from South African women presenting vaginal discharge syndrome at two disease clinics KwaZulu-Natal were grown frozen stock. Twofold serial dilutions...
Despite the important role of fluoroquinolones and predominant use ofloxacin for treating multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa, there are limited data on pharmacokinetics patients with tuberculosis, no pharmacokinetic from African patients, direct assessment relationship between MIC patient isolates. Our objectives to describe being treated assess adequacy drug exposure respect probability pharmacodynamic target attainment (area under time curve/MIC ratio at least 100)....
Pregnancy and the postpartum period present important intervention opportunities. Counseling can leverage motivation women have during this time to change behaviors that may negatively affect their health heath of infants.Pregnant attending an antenatal clinic in South Africa were randomly allocated treatment (n=733) control arms (n=747). Treatment arm participants received enhanced HIV pre- post-test counseling, legal support access groups at baseline, which occurred first visit, then six...
In 2015, a cluster of respiratory diphtheria cases was reported from KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa. By using whole-genome analysis, we characterized 21 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates collected 20 patients and contacts during the outbreak (1 patient infected with 2 variants C. diphtheriae). addition, included 1 cutaneous isolate, endocarditis isolates, archived clinical (ca. 1980) for comparison. Two novel lineages were identified, namely, toxigenic sequence type (ST) ST-378 (n...