We investigated the effects of high-fat diet-induced obesity on vascular proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress endothelium-dependent relaxation aorta.Female Swiss mice were submitted to a diet for 16 weeks. At end experimental period, we evaluated blood pressure, in response acetylcholine aortic rings absence presence superoxide anion scavenger, dismutase (SOD, 150 U/ml), nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor, sodium salicylate (5 mmol/l). Aortic protein expression endothelial nitric oxide...

The present study aimed to assess the effect of specific dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor sitagliptin on blood pressure and renal function in young prehypertensive (5-week-old) adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs; 14-week-old).Sitagliptin (40 mg/kg twice daily) was given by oral gavage (Y-SHR + IDPPIV) (A-SHR SHRs for 8 days. Kidney assessed daily compared with age-matched vehicle-treated SHR A-SHR) normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (Y-WKY A-WKY). Arterial measured these animals at...

Clinical evidence has identified the pulmonary circulation as an important target of air pollution. It was previously demonstrated that in vitro exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm, PM2.5) induces endothelial dysfunction isolated arteries. We aimed investigate effects vivo urban concentrated PM2.5 on rat artery reactivity and mechanisms involved. For this, adult Wistar rats were exposed 2 weeks São Paulo city at accumulated daily dose approximately 600 μg/m3....

Hypertension is nearly universal yet poorly controlled in the elderly despite proven benefits of intensive treatment. Mice lacking mineralocorticoid receptors smooth muscle cells (SMC-MR-KO) are protected from rising blood pressure (BP) with aging, normal renal function. Vasoconstriction attenuated aged SMC-MR-KO mice, thus they were used to explore vascular mechanisms that may contribute hypertension aging. MicroRNA (miR) profiling identified miR-155 as most down-regulated miR aging...

Abstract Background Obesity has been associated with a variety of disease such as type II diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. Evidences have shown that exercise training promotes beneficial effects on these disorders, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim this study was to investigate whether physical preconditioning prevents deleterious effect high caloric diet in vascular reactivity rat aortic mesenteric rings. Methods Male Wistar rats...

The incidence of obesity is rising, particularly among women. Microvascular dysfunction more common with female sex, obesity, and hyperlipidemia predicts adverse cardiovascular outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. Because associated mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation, we tested hypothesis that MR in endothelial cells contribute to sex differences resistance vessel response cardiometabolic risk factors.Male cell-specific knockout mice MR-intact littermates were...

Divergent phenotypes between the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding abdominal and thoracic aorta might be implicated in regional aortic differences, such as susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Although PVAT of exhibits anti-contractile function, role regulation vascular tone is not well defined. In present study, we compared nitric oxide (NO) availability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation vessel walls aorta. Abdominal from male Wistar rats were used perform functional...

Cardiovascular disease is less frequent in premenopausal women than age-matched men or postmenopausal women. Moreover, the marked age-related decline serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) level has been associated to cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was evaluate effects DHEA treatment on vascular function ovariectomized rats. At 8 weeks age, female Wistar rats were (OVX) sham (SHAM) operated and after surgery both groups treated with vehicle (10mg kg⁻¹ week⁻¹) for 3 weeks. Aortic...

Background The majority of studies have investigated the effect exercise training (TR) on vascular responses in diabetic animals (DB), but none evaluated nitric oxide (NO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation associated with oxidant antioxidant activities femoral coronary arteries from trained rats. Our hypothesis was that 8-week TR would alter AGEs levels type 1 rats ameliorating responsiveness. Methodology/Principal Findings Male Wistar were divided into control sedentary...

Introduction Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that exerts protective effects on vascular function and structure in several models of cardiovascular diseases through its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties. Early protein malnutrition reprograms the system linked to hypertension adulthood. This study assessed taurine supplementation alterations induced by restriction post-weaning rats. Methods Results Weaned male Wistar rats were fed normal- (12%, NP) or low-protein (6%, LP)...

Ouabain (OUA) is a newly recognized hormone that synthesized in the adrenal cortex and hypothalamus. Low doses of OUA can activate signaling pathway by interaction with Na,K-ATPase, which protective against number insults. has central peripheral anti-inflammatory effects. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), via toll-like receptor 4 activation, widely used model to induce systemic inflammation. This study low dose evaluate its effects on inflammation induced LPS injection rats. Adult male Wistar rats...

Sustained β-adrenergic stimulation is a hallmark of sympathetic hyperactivity in cardiovascular diseases. It associated with oxidative stress and altered vasoconstrictor tone. This study investigated the β-adrenoceptor subtype signaling pathways implicated vascular effects overactivation.Mice lacking β1- or β2-adrenoceptor (β1KO, β2KO) wild-type (WT) were treated isoproterenol (ISO, 15 μg.g(-1) x day(-1), 7 days). ISO significantly enhanced maximal response (Emax) aorta to phenylephrine WT...

Abnormalities in renal proximal tubular (PT) sodium transport play an important role the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. The Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) represents major route for entry across apical membrane PT cells. We therefore aimed to assess vivo NHE3 activity and define molecular mechanisms underlying regulation before after development hypertension spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). function was measured as rate bicarbonate reabsorption by means stationary...

Background: Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. Vascular insulin resistance might contribute to reduction endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, leading impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation cardiometabolic diseases. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) controls function and NO bioavailability, we hypothesized for this fat deposit vascular complications associated with initial stages Therefore, investigated potential involvement...

Endothelial dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia is an early event in atherosclerosis characterized by redox imbalance high superoxide production and reduced nitric oxide (NO) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production. Aerobic exercise training (AET) has been demonstrated to ameliorate atherosclerotic lesions oxidative stress advanced atherosclerosis. However, whether AET protects against the mechanisms of endothelial familial remains unclear. This study investigated effects on...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate effect overstimulation beta-adrenoceptors on vascular inflammatory mediators. Wistar rats were treated with beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol (0.3 mg.kg(-1).day(-1) sc) or vehicle (control) for 7 days. At end treatment, right carotid artery catheterized arterial and left ventricular (LV) hemodynamic evaluation. Isoproterenol treatment increased LV weight but did not change parameters. Aortic mRNA protein expression quantified by real-time...

1. The aim of this study was to assess the effects treatment with isoproterenol (ISO, 0.3 mg kg-1 day-1, s.c.) for 7 days on vascular reactivity rat-isolated aortic rings. Additionally, potential mechanisms underlying changes that involved endothelial modulation contractility were investigated. 2. Treatment ISO induced cardiac hypertrophy without in haemodynamic parameters. Aortic rings from ISO-treated rats showed an increase contraction response phenylephrine (PHE) and serotonin, but did...

Activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase are potential interest as treatment for cardiovascular diseases but to our knowledge they have never been proposed treat overactive bladder. We evaluated the effects activator BAY 60-2270 on voiding dysfunction and detrusor overactivity in a mouse model obesity associated bladder.C57BL/6 male mice fed 10 weeks with standard chow or high fat diet were treated 1 mg/kg 60-2770 per day 2 via gavage. Cystometric evaluations done responses contractile agents...

Obesity has emerged as a major contributing risk factor for overactive bladder (OAB), but no study examined urethral smooth muscle (USM) dysfunction predisposing to obesity-induced OAB. This investigated the USM relaxant machinery in obese mice and whether soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activation with BAY 60-2770 [acid 4-({(4-carboxybutyl) [2-(5-fluoro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4-yl] methoxy} phenyl) ethyl] amino} methyl) benzoic] rescues reactivity through improvement of sGC-cGMP...

Sustained stimulation of β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) and activation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are common features cardiovascular diseases with rising sympathetic activation, including essential hypertension, myocardial infarction, heart failure. In this study, we investigated the role AT1 receptor mineralocorticoid (MR) in vascular alterations caused by β-AR overstimulation. overstimulation associated cardiac hypertrophy increased vasoconstrictor response to phenylephrine aorta were...