A5041583476- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Enterobacteriaceae and Cronobacter Research
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Fecal contamination and water quality
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Urinary Tract Infections Management
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
- Water Treatment and Disinfection
- Biosensors and Analytical Detection
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
- Healthcare and Environmental Waste Management
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway
2016-2025
University College Hospital
2005
University College London
2005
University Hospital Galway
2002
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
1972
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious threat to global public health, but obtaining representative data on AMR for healthy human populations difficult. Here, we use metagenomic analysis of untreated sewage characterize the bacterial resistome from 79 sites in 60 countries. We find systematic differences abundance and diversity genes between Europe/North-America/Oceania Africa/Asia/South-America. taxonomy only explains minor part variation that observe. no evidence cross-selection...
ABSTRACT We describe a modification of the most probable number (MPN) method for rapid enumeration antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria in aqueous environmental samples. E. (total and antimicrobial-resistant) were enumerated effluent samples from hospital ( n = 17) municipal sewers upstream 5) downstream hospital, throughout treatment process 4), treated 13). Effluent contained higher proportion than that hospital. Wastewater reduced numbers antimicrobial resistant); however,...
Salmonellosis is the second most common cause of food-borne illness worldwide. Contamination surfaces in food processing environments may result biofilm formation with a risk contamination. Effective decontamination biofilm-contaminated challenging. Using CDC reactor, activities sodium hypochlorite, hydroxide, and benzalkonium chloride were examined against an early (48-h) relatively mature (168-h) Salmonella biofilm. All 3 agents reduction viable counts Salmonella; however, only hydroxide...
Antimicrobial resistance is a major public health concern. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) represent significant threat as some strains are resistant to almost all available antibiotics. The aim of this research was examine hospital effluent and municipal wastewater in an urban area Ireland for CPE. Samples (n = 5), before 5) after 4) the stream joined were collected over nine-week period (May-June 2017). All samples examined CPE by direct plating onto Brilliance CRE agar....
The Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex (KpSC) is a leading cause of multidrug-resistant human infections. To better understand the potential contribution food as vehicle KpSC, we conducted multicentric study to define an optimal culture method for its recovery from matrices and characterize isolates phenotypically genotypically. Chicken meat (n = 160) salad 145) samples were collected in five European countries screened presence KpSC using culture-based zur-khe intergenic region (ZKIR)...
Abstract The rapid development of megacities, and their growing connectedness across the world is becoming a distinct driver for emerging disease outbreaks. Early detection unusual emergence spread should therefore include such cities as part risk-based surveillance. A catch-all metagenomic sequencing approach urban sewage could potentially provide an unbiased insight into dynamics viral pathogens circulating in community irrespective access to care, potential which already has been proven...
Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) is a pandemic clone that evolving rapidly with increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance. Here, we investigated an outbreak E. ST131 producing extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in long-term care facility (LTCF) Ireland by combining data from this LTCF (n=69) other Irish (n=35) and global (n=690) genomes to reconstruct the evolutionary history understand changes population structure genome architecture over time. This required combination...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the respiratory illness caused by novel virus, severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has lead to high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide, been causing major public health concerns since first detected in late 2019. Following identification of pathogens, questions relation dissemination pathogen transmission routes begin emerge. This rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 virus both faecal wastewater samples across globe, highlighting...
This study examined colonisation with and characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant organisms among residents a long-term care facility (LTCF) over one year, including strain persistence molecular diversity isolates extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Sixty-four LTCF were recruited (51 at baseline, 13 during the year). Data on dependency levels, hospitalisations, antimicrobial prescribing collected. Nasal rectal swabs catheter urine specimens quarterly,...
In this study, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified in Irish recreational waters and sewage. Indistinguishable NDM-producing Escherichia coli by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis isolated from sewage, a fresh water stream human source. Klebsiella pneumoniae sewage seawater the same area closely related to each other isolate. This raises concerns regarding potential for discharges contribute spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
Water bodies worldwide have proven to be vast reservoirs of clinically significant antibiotic resistant organisms. Contamination waters by anthropogenic discharges is a contributor the widespread dissemination resistance. The aim this research was investigate multiple different sources on national scale for role they play in environmental propagation A total 39 water and 25 sewage samples were collected across four local authority areas West, East South Ireland. In total, 211...
The natural environment represents a complex reservoir of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as consequence different wastewater discharges including anthropogenic and agricultural. Therefore, the aim this study was to examine sewage waters across Ireland for presence Enterobacterales. Samples were collected from West, East South Ireland. Two periods sampling took place between July 2019 November 2020, during which 118 water (30 L) 36 samples (200 mL) collected. Waters filtered using CapE method,...
Urban water environments, including canals, harbours and estuaries are susceptible to contamination with antimicrobials drug-resistant bacteria through domestic industrial wastewater discharges storm overflows. There is potential for wildlife using these waters acquire transmit antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) of clinical importance. This study aimed assess clinically important in urban waterfowl, particularly mute swans. Faecal samples were collected from 17 swans the Greater Dublin...
Consequences of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection can range in severity from asymptomatic to haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), renal failure, and death. Groundwater-derived drinking water is an important route for STEC transmission. Detection crucial timely response public health interventions, however currently used culture-based methods are time-consuming laborious. Therefore, there a need rapid that maintain high sensitivity specificity. We describe novel sensitive,...
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hv Kp ) has emerged as a pathogen of global concern associated with invasive community-acquired infections. The combination hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance can result in severe difficult-to-treat This retrospective study aimed to investigate the spread hv sequence type 23 (ST23) Ireland convergence hypervirulent (hv) antimicrobial genotypes. Short-read sequences (PE300) for 90 K. ST23 isolates were generated by Galway Reference Laboratory...
Long-term care facilities (LTCF) are potential reservoirs for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), control of which may reduce MRSA transmission and infection elsewhere in the healthcare system. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has been used successfully to understand epidemiology hospitals identify between these LTCF. Two prospective observational studies carriage were conducted LTCF England Ireland. isolates whole-genome sequenced analyzed using established methods. Genomic...