To confirm an earlier report that laboratory rats are susceptible to infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV), we inoculated 27 Wistar intravenously a suspension of human stool known contain infectious HEV. Stool, sera, and various tissues were collected from three each on days 0 (preinoculation) 4, 7, 11, 14, 18, 21, 25, 28, 35 postinoculation. Stool sera specimens examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for presence HEV genomic sequences. Tissues light microscopy...

Aims : Nitric oxide (NO) has been hypothesized to play a major role in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria caused by P. falciparum infection. NO may act as local neuroactive mediator contributing coma (CM). We that increased expression inducible nitric synthase (iNOS) cause release NO, and examined distribution iNOS brain during CM. Material results Brain tissues from fatal cases Thai adults were using immunohistochemical staining detect iNOS. The strength was compared between 14 patients...

Abstract Background Cerebral malaria (CM) caused by Plasmodium falciparum is known to be associated with the sequestration of parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs) in microvasculature and release soluble cytokines. In addition, involvement signaling molecules has gained wide interest pathogenesis CM. An important factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) regulate apoptosis. This work aimed study expression NF-κB p65 its correlation apoptosis brain fatal Methods The cleaved caspase-3 P. cases was...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important complication of atherosclerosis. Biomarkers, which associate with CHD development, are potential to predict risk. To determine whether genes showing altered expression in hyperlipidaemia (H) and coronary patients compared controls could be risk biomarkers.Control, H, groups represented atherosclerosis development. Gene profiling was investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells using DNA microarrays. Eight selected expressed only H were...

Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disorder of the heart vessels that develops over decades, coupling inflammatory mechanisms and elevated total cholesterol levels under influence genetic environmental factors. Without effective intervention, atherosclerosis consequently causes coronary disease (CHD), which leads to increased risk sudden death. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils play pivotal role in inflammation atherogenesis. Human neutrophil peptides (HNPs) or alpha (α)-defensins are...

Abstract Background Malaria parasites and their products can activate a specific immune response by stimulating cytokine production in the host’s cells. Transcription nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important regulator for control of many pro-inflammatory genes, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) tumor necrosis (TNF). The activation expression NF-κB p65 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) malaria patients were investigated correlated with levels IL-10 TNF to study nature its linkage...

A pathophysiological mechanism of cerebral damage and impairment neuronal function during rabies virus infection was examined. Synthesis nitric oxide (NO) expression the inducible synthase (iNOS) gene are strongly upregulated infection. Treatment virus-infected mice with a selective inhibitor iNOS, aminoguanidine (AG), significantly delayed their death. Prolonged survival not due to suppression an inflammatory response in central nervous system. One effect iNOS inhibition at level viral...

Background: Beyond non-genetic risk factors, familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) plays a major role in the development of CHD. FH is genetic disorder characterized by heritable and severely elevated levels low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, which can lead to premature cardiovascular disease, particularly coronary heart disease (FH-CHD). Method: To explore genes indicating (premature) (FH-CHD) FH, 30 Thai male volunteers were enrolled: 7 healthy controls (N), 6 patients with (H), 4 10...

Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent malaria parasite species, causes severe symptoms especially acute lung injury (ALI), of which characterized by alveolar epithelium and endothelium destruction accelerated to blood–gas-barrier breakdown. Parasitized erythrocytes, endothelial cells, monocytes, cytokines are all involved in this mechanism, but hemozoin (HZ), parasitic waste from heme detoxification, also mainly contributes. In addition, it is not clear why type II pneumocyte...

Background Estrogen is an important ovarian hormone with anti-atherogenic and cardioprotective effects. Postmenopausal women have lower estrogen levels, associated significantly higher risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) CHD-related death. Effective biomarkers for the diagnosis, prediction, treatment CHD are needed to address this problem thus reduce mortality due in postmenopausal women. We recently reported that PPBP DEFA1/DEFA3 genes may be feasible synergistic risk Thai men...

Third (infective)-stage Gnathostoma spinigerum larvae (L3) mainly cause human gnathostomiasis. G. L3 migrate throughout the subcutaneous tissues, vital organs, and central nervous system can various pathogenesis including sudden death. Interestingly, survive evade host cellular immunity for months or years. The effects of excretory-secretory (ES) products involved in larval migration immune-evasive strategies are unknown. Monocytes innate immune cells that act as phagocytic...

Summary A 33 year‐old Thai woman was diagnosed with scrub typhus infection according to clinical symptoms, eschar lesions compatible the disease, and specific antibody Rickettsia tsutsugamushi detected by indirect immunoperoxidase. Percutaneous transhepatic needle biopsies were taken before 7 days after treatment tetracycline study pathology of liver. The liver tissue evaluated light microscopy, using H & E Pinkerton's stains, transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Before it showed...

Background Dysfunction of endothelial cells (EC) to produce nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) causes critical features vascular inflammation associated with several disease states (eg, atherosclerosis including increased platelet aggregation and adhesion on EC, elevated molecules enhanced inflammatory binding EC). 17-β estradiol (E2) can stimulate eNOS production improve the atherosclerosis. Using TNF-α E2, we attempted develop an in vitro model for studying...

Atherosclerosis is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of blood vessels particularly the arteries. The development atherosclerotic plaques or atherogenesis complex process that influenced by cardiovascular risk factors such as vascular inflammation and dyslipidemia. This study demonstrates ability tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) low density lipoproteins (LDL) to induce plaque in human saphenous vein (HSV) organ culture.Normal HSV segments, from male patients who had coronary...

The role of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a pivotal chemokine in atherogenesis and coronary heart disease (CHD) development, is diverse remains unclear. This cross-sectional study investigates the association IL-8 expression hyperlipidemia (H) CHD patients who have been treated with statin cholesterol-lowering drugs while undergoing artery bypass grafting treatment. Fifty-five Thai volunteers including 13 normal (N), 24 H, 18 were enrolled for investigation. All had continuously medications since...

Abstract Previous studies have reported activation of the B cell-activating factor (BAFF)/a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) system in T independent immunity against malaria infection. Plasmodium falciparum ( P. ) infected animal model is not feasible. Therefore, little known about occurrence BAFF/APRIL and changes lymphoid tissues. This study aimed to investigate expression components tissues from patients. Spleen lymph node samples 14 patients were collected at autopsy. Normal spleens...

Previous studies have suggested that Plasmodium falciparum (P. falciparum) specific IgE in the form of immune complexes crosslinking low-affinity receptor (CD23) on monocyte results tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and nitric oxide (NO) production. However, roles these parameters severity protection are still unclear. This study aimed to determine association between CD23 expression monocytes, plasma soluble (sCD23), total IgE, malaria-specific IgG, TNF-α levels P. infected patients. We...