Abstract Background Gut microbiota (GM) have been implicated as important regulators of gastrointestinal symptom which is commonly occurred along with respiratory influenza A virus (IAV) infection, suggesting the involvement gut-to-lung axis in a host’s response to IAV. IAV primarily destroys airway epithelium tight junctions (TJs) and consequently causes acute disease syndrome. It known that GM their metabolism produce an anti-influenza effect, but role IAV-induced epithelial integrity...

Abstract Background Influenza A viruses (IAV) are extremely common respiratory for the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), in which IAV infection may further evoke abnormal macrophage polarization, amplify cytokine storms. Melatonin exerts potential effects anti-inflammation and anti-IAV infection, while its on infection-induced AECOPD poorly understood. Methods COPD mice models were established through cigarette smoke exposure consecutive 24 weeks,...

Non-coding RNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim this study was to characterize therapeutic melatonin as well underlying molecular mechanism (its effects on expression H19 and its downstream signaling pathways) treatment PAH. Real-time PCR western blot analysis were performed evaluate H19, miR-200a, miR-675, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). value systolic artery pressure (SPAP) ratio...

To explore patterns of brain structural alteration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with different levels lung function impairment and the associations those cognitive functional deficits using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses based on high-resolution MRI diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).A total 115 right-handed participants (26 severe, 29 moderate, mild COPD a comparison group 31 individuals without COPD) completed tests...

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is suggested to initiate the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, and considered be involved in asthma. The findings that melatonin modulates TLRs-mediated immune responses, together with suppressing effect TLRs on endogenous synthesis, support possibility a feedback loop exists between system synthesis. To determine whether TLR2-melatonin allergic airway disease regulates inflammasome activity, wild-type (WT) TLR2-/- mice were challenged OVA establish model....

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in pulmonary fibrosis after acute lung injury (ALI), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) events are involved this process. The purpose of study was to investigate the protective effects melatonin, natural antioxidant, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced EMT human alveolar epithelial cells. Human type II cell-derived A549 cells were incubated with LPS melatonin alone or combination for up 24 h. morphological changes treated evaluated as well...

Abstract Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a characteristic chronic airway inflammatory that worsens over time, however, there are currently limited clinical therapeutics to suspend its progression. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which have emerged as functional regulators in various diseases, including COPD, may server new pharmacological targets COPD. Here, it identified nuclear circRNA, circCANX, preferentially decreased The linear splicing of CANX pre‐mRNA, enhanced by the...

Microplastics (MPs) induce mitochondrial dysfunction and iron accumulation, contributing to macroautophagy/autophagy ferroptosis, which has increased susceptibility the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, underlying mechanism remains unclear. We demonstrated that MPs intensified inflammation in COPD by enhancing autophagy-dependent ferroptosis (ADF) vitro vivo. In lung tissues patients with COPD, concentrations MPs, especially polystyrene microplastics...

Purpose: To investigate the respiratory infectious phenotypes and their impact on length of stay (LOS) COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Scale in acute exacerbation (AECOPD). Patients methods: We categorized 81 eligible patients into bacterial infection, viral coinfection, non-infectious groups. The virus examination was determined by a liquid bead array xTAG Respiratory Virus Panel pharyngeal swabs, while infection studied conventional sputum culture. LOS CAT as well demographic information were...

Itaconate has emerged as a novel anti-inflammatory and antioxidative endogenous metabolite, yet its role in allergic airway inflammation (AAI) the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, itaconate level lung was assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), effects of Irg1/itaconate pathway on AAI alveolar macrophage (AM) immune responses were evaluated using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced model established wild type (WT) Irg1−/− mice, while this process investigated...

Neurite extension and branching are affected by activity-dependent modulation of intracellular Ca2+, such that an optimal window [Ca2+] is required for outgrowth. Our understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating this [Ca2+]i remains unclear. Taking advantage large growth cone size cultured primary neurons from pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis combined with dsRNA knockdown, we show neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1) regulates neurite branching, Ca2+ signals in cones. An NCS-1 C-terminal...

Abstract Chronic hypoxia exposure can cause neurobehavioral dysfunction, but the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that adult Lymnaea stagnalis snails maintained in low O 2 (∼ 5%) for 4 days developed slowed reactions to light stimuli, reduced righting movement. Semiquantitative immunoblotting analyses showed induced increased expression of heat‐shock protein (HSP)70 ganglion preparations, suppressed presynaptic proteins syntaxin I, synaptic vesicle...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is understood to be a complex multicomponent disorder. The impairment of cognition lasting and profound. However, the pattern cognitive decline potentially adverse factors are poorly understood. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> To evaluate performances relevant in COPD patients investigate relationship between deficits classification severity disease....

Airway barrier damage and excessive inflammation induced by influenza A virus (IAV) are associated with disease progression prognosis. ResolvinD1 (RvD1) is a promising lipid mediator critical protection against infection in the lung. However, whether RvD1 protects IAV-induced injury underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, primary normal human bronchial epithelial (pNHBE) cells were isolated co-cultured IAV and/or RvD1. Then, expressions of E-cadherin, Zonula occludins-1,...

Influenza virus infection is one of the strongest pathogenic factors for development acute lung injury (ALI)/ respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been clarified. In this study, we aim to investigate whether melatonin modulates macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, pyroptosis via activating Apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor (ApoE/LDLR) pathway in influenza A-induced ALI. Here, wild-type (WT) ApoE-/- mice...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations are accompanied with increased systemic inflammation, which accelerate the function injury and impair quality of life. Prompt effective treatments for COPD slow down progression, but an objective instrument to assess efficacy following is lacking nowadays. The Assessment Test (CAT) 8-item questionnaire designed quantify health status symptom burden in patients. We hypothesize that change CAT score related treatment response...

Several cytokines may play roles in the immunological pathogenesis of mycoplasmal pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In this study, we investigated serum cytokine profiles children with pneumonia. The levels interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, and IL-18 were examined using ELISA kits 34 patients M. pneumoniae infection (Group 1, 11 severe pneumonia; Group 2, 13 mild 3, 10 asthma) 32 age-matched, non-infected controls. IL-8, increased significantly compared those controls (P<0.01). IL-10...