A5021276539- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Algal biology and biofuel production
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Plant Genetic and Mutation Studies
- Light effects on plants
- Plant nutrient uptake and metabolism
- Plant Micronutrient Interactions and Effects
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Phytase and its Applications
- Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Bryophyte Studies and Records
- Bacteriophages and microbial interactions
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Antimicrobial Peptides and Activities
- Cassava research and cyanide
- RNA Research and Splicing
University of Copenhagen
2016-2023
Ghent University
2023
VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology
2023
Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology
2009-2017
Max Planck Society
2009-2012
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2007
Institut für Urheber- und Medienrecht
2006
Plastid genomes of higher plants contain a conserved set ribosomal protein genes. Although plastid translational activity is essential for cell survival in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), individual proteins can be nonessential. Candidates nonessential are identified as bacteria and those whose genes were lost from the highly reduced nonphotosynthetic plastid-bearing lineages (parasitic plants, apicomplexan protozoa). Here we report reverse genetic analysis seven plastid-encoded that meet these...
The initiation of translation is a fundamental and highly regulated process in gene expression. Translation prokaryotic systems usually requires interaction between the ribosome an mRNA sequence upstream codon, so-called ribosome-binding site (Shine-Dalgarno sequence). However, large number genes do not possess Shine-Dalgarno sequences, it unknown how start codon recognition occurs these mRNAs. We have performed genome-wide searches various groups prokaryotes order to identify elements...
Plastid transformation has become an attractive tool in biotechnology. Because of the prokaryotic nature plastid's gene expression machinery, elements (promoters and untranslated regions) that trigger high-level foreign protein accumulation plastids usually also confer high bacterial cloning hosts. This can cause problems, for example, when production antimicrobial compounds is attempted. Their bactericidal activity make corresponding genes plastid vectors impossible. Here, we report a...
Reduced bacterial genomes and most of cell organelles (chloroplasts mitochondria) do not encode the full set 32 tRNA species required to read all triplets genetic code according conventional wobble rules. Superwobbling, in which a single that contains uridine position anticodon reads an entire four-fold degenerate codon box, has been suggested as possible mechanism for how sets can be reduced. However, general feasibility superwobbling its efficiency various boxes have remained unknown. Here...
Summary Plastids (chloroplasts) harbor a small gene‐dense genome that is amenable to genetic manipulation by transformation. During 1 billion years of evolution from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont present‐day chloroplasts, plastid has undergone dramatic size reduction, mainly as result gene losses and large‐scale transfer genes nuclear genome. Thus can be regarded naturally evolved miniature genome, gradual reduction compaction which provided blueprint for design minimum genomes....
Abstract The current agriculture main challenge is to maintain food production while facing multiple threats such as increasing world population, temperature increase, lack of agrochemicals due health issues and uprising weeds resistant herbicides. Developing novel, alternative, safe methods hence paramount importance. Here, we show that complementary peptides (cPEPs) from any gene can be designed target specifically plant coding genes. External application synthetic increases the abundance...
Although our knowledge about the mechanisms of gene expression in chloroplasts has increased substantially over past decades, next to nothing is known signals and factors that govern plastid genome non-green tissues. Here we report development a quantitative method suitable for determining activity cis-acting elements plastids. The vivo assay based on stable transformation discovery root length upon seedling growth presence translational inhibitor kanamycin directly proportional strength...
In prokaryotic systems, the translation initiation of many, though not all, mRNAs depends on interaction between a sequence element upstream start codon (the Shine-Dalgarno [SD]) and complementary in 3' end 16S rRNA (anti-Shine-Dalgarno [aSD]). Although many chloroplast harbor putative SDs their 5' untranslated regions aSD displays strong conservation, functional relevance SD-aSD interactions plastid is unclear. Here, by generating transplastomic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) mutants with...
Abstract Plant scientists and farmers are facing major challenges in providing food nutritional security for a growing population, while preserving natural resources biodiversity. Moreover, this should be done adapting agriculture to climate change by reducing its carbon footprint. To address these challenges, there is an urgent need breed crops that more resilient suboptimal environments. Huge progress has recently been made understanding the physiological, genetic molecular bases of plant...
Plastids (chloroplasts) possess 70S ribosomes that are very similar in structure and function to the of their bacterial ancestors. While most components ribosome (ribosomal RNAs [rRNAs] ribosomal proteins) well conserved plastid ribosome, little is known about factors mediating biogenesis ribosomes. Here, we have investigated a putative homolog RbfA (for ribosome-binding factor A) protein was identified as cold-shock an auxiliary acting 5′ maturation 16S rRNA. The unicellular green alga...
Many mRNAs contain pause sites that briefly interrupt the progress of translation. Specific features induce ribosome pausing have been described; however, their individual contributions to pause-site formation, and overall biological significance pausing, remain largely unclear. We taken advantage compact genome chloroplasts carry out a plastid genome-wide survey sites, as basis for studying impact on posttranslational processes. Based ribosomal profiling Arabidopsis (
Abstract To meet the increasing global demand for food, feed, fibre and other plant‐derived products, a steep increase in crop productivity is scientifically technically challenging imperative. The CropBooster‐P project, response to H2020 call ‘Future proofing our plants’, developing roadmap plant research improve crops critical future of European agriculture by yield, nutritional quality, value non‐food applications sustainability. However, if we want efficiently production Europe...
The plastid (chloroplast) genomes of seed plants typically encode 30 tRNAs. Employing wobble and superwobble mechanisms, most codon boxes are read by only one or two tRNA species. reduced set tRNAs follows the evolutionary trend organellar to shrink in size coding capacity. A notable exception is AUN box specifying methionine isoleucine, which decoded four species nearly all plants. However, three these genes were lost from some parasitic plastid-containing lineages, possibly suggesting that...
Abstract Direct assembly of multiple linear DNA fragments via homologous recombination, a phenomenon known as in vivo or transformation associated is used biotechnology to assemble constructs ranging size from few kilobases full synthetic microbial genomes. It has also enabled the complete replacement eukaryotic chromosomes with heterologous DNA. The moss Physcomitrella patens , non-vascular and spore producing land plant (Bryophyte), well-established capacity for recombination. Here, we...
Chloroplast ribosomes, which originated from cyanobacteria, comprise a large subunit (50S) and small (30S) containing ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) various proteins. Genes for many chloroplast proteins, as well proteins with auxiliary roles in ribosome biogenesis or functioning, reside the nucleus. Here, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CHLOROPLAST RIBOSOME ASSOCIATED (CRASS), member of latter class based on tight coexpression its mRNA transcripts nucleus-encoded CRASS was acquired...
SUMMARY Chloroplast‐to‐nucleus retrograde signaling is essential for cell function, acclimation to fluctuating environmental conditions, plant growth and development. The vast majority of chloroplast proteins are nuclear‐encoded, must be imported into the organelle after synthesis in cytoplasm. This import development fully functional chloroplasts. On other hand, chloroplasts act as sensors changes can trigger acclimatory responses that influence nuclear gene expression. Signaling via mobile...
Abstract A growing world population as well the need to enhance sustainability and health create challenges for crop breeding. To address these challenges, not only quantitative but also qualitative improvements are needed, especially regarding macro‐ micronutrient composition content. In this review, we describe different examples of how nutritional quality crops bioavailability individual nutrients can be optimised. We focus on increasing protein content, use alternative improving...
Consistent with their origin from cyanobacteria, plastids (chloroplasts) perform protein biosynthesis on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes. The plastid genomes of seed plants contain a conserved set ribosomal genes. Three these have proven to be nonessential for translation and, thus, cellular viability: rps15, rpl33, and rpl36. To help define the minimum ribosome, here, we examined whether more than one proteins can removed ribosome. that end, constructed all possible double knockouts S15, L33,...
Summary According to the Kolodner and Tewari model [Kolodner, R.D. Tewari, K.K. (1975) Nature , 256, 708.], plastid DNA replication involves displacement‐loop rolling‐circle modes of replication, which are initiated on a pair origins (ori). In accordance with model, such oris – oriA oriB was described in Nicotiana tabacum [Kunnimalaiyaan, M. Nielsen B.L. (1997b) Nucl. Acids Res. 25, 3681.]. However, as reported previously, both copies can be deleted without abolishing replication. Deletion s...
mRNA secondary structure influences translation. Proteins that modulate the around translation initiation region may regulate in plastids. To test this hypothesis, we exposed Arabidopsis thaliana to high light, which induces of psbA encoding D1 subunit photosystem II. We assayed by ribosome profiling and applied two complementary methods analyze vivo RNA structure: DMS-MaPseq SHAPE-seq. detected increased accessibility after light treatment, likely contributing observed increase facilitating...
mRNA secondary structure can influence gene expression, e.g., by influencing translation initiation. The probing of in vivo structures is therefore necessary to understand what determines the efficiency and regulation expression. Here, was analyzed using dimethyl sulfate (DMS)-MaPseq compared vitro-folded RNA. We used an approach analyze specific, full-length transcripts. To test this approach, we chose low, medium, high abundant mRNAs. included both monocistronic multicistronic Because...
Plastid ribosomes are very similar in structure and function to the of their bacterial ancestors. Since ribosome biogenesis is not thermodynamically favorable under biological conditions it requires activity many assembly factors. Here we have characterized a homolog RsgA Arabidopsis thaliana show that can complement homolog. Functional characterization strong mutant revealed protein essential for plant viability, while weak produced dwarf, chlorotic plants incorporated immature pre-16S...