ABSTRACT Interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) protein family members IFITM1, -2, and -3 restrict the infection of multiple enveloped viruses. Significant enrichment a minor IFITM3 allele was recently reported for patients who were hospitalized seasonal 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu. This lacks region corresponding to first amino-terminal 21 amino acids is unable inhibit influenza A virus. In this study, we found that deleting 21-amino-acid relocates from endosomal compartments cell periphery....

Members of the interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family inhibit entry a wide range viruses. Viruses often exploit endocytosis pathways to invade host cells and escape from endocytic vesicles in response low pH. Localization these is essential for IFITM3 interfere with cytosolic pH-dependent However, nature sorting signal that targets poorly defined. In this study, we report possesses YxxΦ motif, i.e. 20-YEML-23, enables undergo through binding μ2 subunit AP-2 complex....

Prime editing enables precise and efficient genome editing, but its efficacy is hindered by pegRNA's 3' extension, forming secondary structures due to high complementarity with the protospacer. The continuous presence of prime system also leads unintended indel formation, raising safety concerns for therapeutic applications. To address these challenges, we develop a mismatched pegRNA (mpegRNA) strategy that introduces bases into protospacer, reducing structure preventing sustained activity....

LINE-1 (long interspersed element 1) is an autonomous non-long terminal repeat retrotransposon. Its replication often causes mutation and rearrangement of host genomic DNA. Accordingly, cells have evolved mechanisms to control mobility. Here, we report that a helicase named MOV10 effectively suppresses transposition. Mutating the motifs impairs this function MOV10, suggesting requires its activity suppress replication. Further studies show post-transcriptionally diminishes level RNA. The...

The human myxovirus-resistance protein B (MxB, also called Mx2) was recently reported to inhibit HIV-1 infection by impeding the nuclear import and integration of viral DNA. However, it is currently unknown whether there exist MxB-resistant strains in infected individuals. Answer this question should address MxB exerts an inhibitory pressure on vivo has evolved evade inhibition.We have examined ten transmitted founder (T/F) for their sensitivity inhibition infecting CD4+ T cell lines SupT1...

Reversible acetylation of Tat is critical for its transactivation activity toward HIV-1 transcription. However, the enzymes involved in acetylation/deacetylation cycles have not been fully characterized. In this study, by yeast two-hybrid assay, we discovered histone deacetylase HDAC6 to be a binding partner Tat. Our data show that interacts with cytoplasm microtubule-dependent manner. addition, deacetylates at Lys-28 and thereby suppresses Tat-mediated promoter. Inactivation promotes...

The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays an important role in viral replication. It has been reported that stimulates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator (AP-1) signaling pathways, thereby regulates host cell gene expression. However, molecular mechanism behind this function is not fully understood. Here, we have identified transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase (TAK1) as upstream molecule associates with order to activate NF-κB AP-1 signaling....

The well-being and subsistence of giant pandas, an endangered species with a limited distribution, are currently threatened by number viruses, including canine parvovirus (CPV-2), distemper virus (CDV), panda rotavirus (GPRV). To allow for timely intervention upon viral infection, it is necessary to execute rapid accurate diagnosis potential mixed infections. In the present study, we developed validated multiplex PCR (mPCR) approach detection CPV-2, CDV, GPRV results indicate that method...

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a major pathogen that causes serious economic losses to the swine industry. To aid PEDV clinical diagnosis and vaccine development, sensitive precise serological methods are demanded for rapid detection of (neutralizing) antibodies. Aiming development novel virus-free hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, N-terminal region S1 subunit, encompassing sialic acid-binding motif, was first expressed as an Fc-fusion protein with C-terminal Spy Tag...

Interferon-induced proteins (IFPs) exert multiple functions corresponding to diverse interferon signals. However, the intracellular of many IFPs are not fully characterized. Here, we report that IFP35, a member IFP family with molecular mass 35 kDa, can interact bovine Tas (BTas) regulatory protein foamy virus (BFV). The interaction involves NID2 (IFP35/Nmi homology domain) IFP35 and central domain BTas. overexpression disturbs ability BTas activate viral-gene transcription inhibits viral...

Owing to ongoing recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, immune activation and upregulation IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) are sustained in the chronically infected host. Albeit most ISGs important effectors for containing viral replication, some might exert compensatory suppression limit pathological dysfunctions, although mechanisms not fully understood. In this study, we report that ISG lymphocyte Ag 6 complex, locus E (LY6E) is a negative regulator monocytes. LY6E monocytes...

ABSTRACT Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is an emerging pathogen causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) fatal neurological diseases in infants young children due to their underdeveloped immunocompetence. EV71 infection can induce cellular apoptosis through a variety of pathways, which promotes release. The viral protease 3C plays important role EV71-induced apoptosis. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for 3C-triggered remains elusive. Here, we found that directly interacted with...

Abstract Background Tetherin (also known as BST-2, CD317, and HM1.24) is an interferon- induced protein that blocks the release of a variety enveloped viruses, such retroviruses, filoviruses herpesviruses. However, relationship between tetherin foamy viruses has not been clearly demonstrated. Results In this study, we found human, simian, bovine or canine origin inhibits production infectious prototypic virus (PFV). The inhibition PFV by human counteracted immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1)...

The interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) broadly inhibit virus infections, particularly at the viral entry level. However, despite this shared ability to fusion, IFITMs differ in potency and breadth of viruses restricted, an anomaly that is not fully understood. Here, we show differences range restricted by IFITM1 are regulated a C-terminal non-canonical dibasic sorting signal KRXX suppresses restriction some governing its intracellular distribution. Replacing two basic...

Foamy viruses (FVs) are complex retroviruses that establish lifelong persistent infection without evident pathology. However, the roles of cellular factors in FV latency poorly understood. This study revealed N-Myc interactor (Nmi) could inhibit replication prototype foamy virus (PFV). Overexpression Nmi reduced PFV replication, whereas its depletion by small interfering RNA increased replication. The Nmi-mediated impairment resulted from diminished transactivation Tas viral long terminal...

The transmission properties of one-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) containing a metamaterial (MM) defect layer are investigated using the transfer matrix method. MM is composed alternating layers dielectric material and Dirac semimetal (DS) material. Numerical results show that defective PCs possess tunable mode, which significantly dependent on Fermi level DS as well structural parameters layer. mode under different incident angles for TE TM polarizations also studied. Such structures...

ABSTRACT The Envelope (E) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an integral structural in the virus particles. However, its role assembly virions and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated, including whether function E regulated by post-translational modifications. In present study, we report that SARS-CoV-2 palmitoylated at C40, C43, C44 palmitoyltransferases zDHHC3, 6, 12, 15, 20. Mutating these three cysteines serines (C40/43/44S)...

In the present study, two antioxidant micromolecular components (L2f-2 and L2f-3) an macromolecular component LB2 were extracted from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) rhizomes. MS, FTIR (Fourier-transform IR) spectroscopy NMR used to identify these compounds. L2f-2 was (+/-)-gallocatechin, L2f-3 (-)-catechin a polysaccharide-protein complex with molecular mass of 18.8 kDa. identified as polysaccharide sulfate containing α/β-pyranose α-furanose according its spectrogram. It composed mannose,...