Ebola viruses (EBOV) cause often fatal hemorrhagic fever in several species of simian primates including human. While fruit bats are considered natural reservoir, involvement other EBOV transmission is unclear. In 2009, Reston-EBOV was the first detected swine with indicated to humans. In-contact Zaire-EBOV (ZEBOV) between pigs demonstrated experimentally. Here we show ZEBOV from cynomolgus macaques without direct contact. Interestingly, similar housing conditions never observed. Piglets...

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease which primarily affects small ruminants, causing significant economic losses for the livestock industry in developing countries. It endemic Saharan and sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East Indian sub-continent. The primary hosts peste virus (PPRV) are goats sheep; however recent models studying pathology, progression viremia of PPRV have focused on goat models. This study evaluates tissue tropism pathogenesis PPR following experimental infection...

Rift Valley fever (RVF), a re-emerging mosquito-borne disease of ruminants and man, was endemic in Africa but spread to Saudi Arabia Yemen, meaning it could even further. Little is known about innate cell-mediated immunity RVF virus (RVFV) ruminants, which knowledge required for adequate vaccine trials. We therefore studied these aspects experimentally infected goats. also compared RVFV grown an insect cell-line that mammalian differences the course infection. Goats developed viremia one day...

Senecavirus A (SVA), previously known as Seneca Valley virus, was first isolated in the United States 2002. SVA associated with porcine idiopathic vesicular disease Canada and USA 2007 2012, respectively. Recent increase outbreaks resulting neonatal mortality of piglets and/or lesions sows Brazil, point to necessity study pathogenicity molecular epidemiology virus. Here, we report analysis complete coding sequences from 2 clinical cases 9 assembly yard environmental samples collected 2015...

The sustained spread of African swine fever (ASF) virus throughout much the world has made ASF a global animal health priority, with an increased emphasis on enhancing preparedness to prevent, detect and respond potential outbreak (ASFV). In event ASFV entry North American population, enhanced surveillance diagnostic testing strategies will be critical facilitate progressive response eradication disease. Compared individual sampling, pen-based oral fluid collection for active is non-invasive...

ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious viral of even-toed ungulates and is one the most important economic diseases livestock. Most studies FMDV are done in countries where control measures being implemented. In contrast, areas such as sub-Saharan Africa, endemic new strains likely to emerge, there only sporadic submissions World Reference Laboratory, Pirbright, United Kingdom. This paper describes molecular epidemiology Adamawa province Cameroon based on...

The 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1), of apparent swine origin, may have evolved in pigs unnoticed because insufficient surveillance. Consequently, the need for surveillance influenza viruses circulating has received added attention. In this study we characterized isolated from Canadian 2009. Isolates May were comprised hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (NA) genes classical SIV origin combination with North American triple-reassortant internal gene (TRIG) cassette, here termed contemporary (conSIV)...

Senecavirus A (SVA) continues to cause vesicular lesions in swine Canada and many regions worldwide. Since the caused by SVA are similar those foot mouth disease virus, virus stomatitis a foreign animal investigation must be initiated rule out these diseases. isolates from pigs displaying 2015 2023 were sequenced, phylogeographic analysis was performed using complete genome sequences. The results infer that has spread between United States several times. In addition, suggest spreads...

ABSTRACT Two near full-length sequences of vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSIV), representing endemic VSIV lineages circulating in cattle Mexico, are reported. These will allow us to gain more insight into the genetic relationship between viruses Mexico and emergence epizootic United States.

Development of a drug lethal to adult Onchocerca volvulus (i.e., macrofilaricide) is research priority for the control human onchocerciasis. Using bovine O. ochengi infections, we investigated effects oxytetracycline administered in short intensive regimen (SIR; 10 mg/kg daily 14 days), compared with prolonged intermittent (PIR; 20 monthly 6 months) or combination both (COM), on viability worms and their endosymbiotic bacteria (Wolbachia species). The long-term treatments eliminated >80%...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an acute, highly contagious of livestock. Though FMDV is very sensitive to interferon-α (IFN-α), IFN-β, and IFN-γ, the has evolved mechanisms evade such innate responses. For instance, during acute infection, suppresses IFN-α production by skin myeloid dendritic cells (DCs). We have previously reported that infection induces a transient lymphopenia interruption T-lymphocyte responses mitogenic stimuli. To further understand immunopathogenesis FMD,...

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral of cloven-hoofed animals, which can decimate the livestock industry and economy countries previously free this disease. Rapid detection foot-and-mouth virus (FMDV) critical to containing an FMD outbreak. Availability rapid, sensitive specific, yet simple field-deployable assay would support local decision-making during FMDV Here we report validation novel reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) that be performed on...

Ebola viruses (EBOV) are filamentous single-stranded RNA of the family Filoviridae. Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) causes severe haemorrhagic fever in humans, great apes and non-human primates (NHPs) with high fatality rates. In contrast, Reston (REBOV), only species found outside Africa, is lethal to some NHPs but has never been linked clinical disease humans despite documented exposure. REBOV was isolated from pigs Philippines subsequent experiments confirmed susceptibility both ZEBOV...

Abstract The foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) “carrier” state was defined by van Bekkum in 1959. It based on the recovery of infectious 28 days or more post infection and has been a useful construct for experimental studies. Using historic data from 1,107 cattle, collected as part population study endemic FMD 2000, we developed mixed effects logistic regression model to predict probability recovering viable FMDV probang culture, conditional animal’s age time since last reported outbreak....

Viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade the innate immune response, particularly actions of interferons (IFNs). We previously reported that exposure dendritic cells (DCs) foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in vitro yields no infection and induces a strong type I IFN (IFN-alpha IFN-beta) indicating DCs may play critical role response virus. In vivo, FMDV lymphopenia reduced T-cell proliferative responses mitogen, viral effects contribute evasion early responses. this study we...

Human onchocerciasis, caused by the filarial nematode Onchocerca volvulus, is controlled almost exclusively drug ivermectin, which prevents pathology targeting microfilariae. However, this reliance on a single control tool has led to interest in vaccination as potentially complementary strategy. Here, we describe results of trial West Africa evaluate multivalent, subunit vaccine for onchocerciasis naturally evolved host-parasite relationship ochengi cattle. Naïve calves, reared fly-proof...

ABSTRACT Natural killer (NK) cells provide one of the initial barriers cellular host defense against pathogens, in particular intracellular pathogens. The role these foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection is unknown. Previously, we characterized phenotype and function NK from swine (F. N. Toka et al., J. Interferon Cytokine Res. 29: 179-192, 2009). In present study, report analysis isolated animals infected with FMDV tested ex vivo show that NK-dependent cytotoxic activity tumor as...