A5089626162- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Forest Insect Ecology and Management
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant and Fungal Interactions Research
- Bioenergy crop production and management
- Plant and animal studies
- Plant Diversity and Evolution
- Lichen and fungal ecology
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Metallurgy and Material Science
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
- Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Coal and Its By-products
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2013-2024
Queen Mary University of London
2013-2024
Czech Academy of Sciences
2015
The University of Western Australia
2014
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2014
University of Vienna
2014
Institute of Plant Molecular Biology
2014
Czech Academy of Sciences, Biology Centre
2014
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
2009-2012
University of Reading
1998-2008
Six DNA regions were evaluated as potential barcodes for Fungi , the second largest kingdom of eukaryotic life, by a multinational, multilaboratory consortium. The region mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 used animal barcode was excluded marker, because it is difficult to amplify in fungi, often includes large introns, and can be insufficiently variable. Three subunits from nuclear ribosomal RNA cistron compared together with three representative protein-coding genes (largest...
DNA barcoding involves sequencing a standard region of as tool for species identification. However, there has been no agreement on which region(s) should be used land plants. To provide community recommendation plant barcode, we have compared the performance 7 leading candidate plastid regions (atpF-atpH spacer, matK gene, rbcL rpoB rpoC1 psbK-psbI and trnH-psbA spacer). Based assessments recoverability, sequence quality, levels discrimination, recommend 2-locus combination rbcL+matK...
Abstract We propose in this paper to use three regions of plastid DNA as a standard protocol for barcoding all land plants. review the other markers that have been proposed and discuss their advantages disadvantages. The low levels variation make necessary; there are no regions, coding or non‐coding, evolve rapidly mitochondrial generally does animals. outline two, three‐region options, (1) rpoC1, rpoB 1matK (2) matK psbA‐trnH viable plant barcoding.
An in silico screen of 41 the 81 coding regions Nicotiana plastid genome generated a shortlist 12 candidates as DNA barcoding loci for land plants. These were evaluated amplification and sequence variation against reference set 98 plant taxa. The deployment multiple primers modified multiplexed tandem polymerase chain reaction yielded 85–94% across taxa, mean differences between sister taxa 6.1 from 156 bases accD to 22 493 matK. We conclude that should be combined effective diagnosis,...
The genome sequence and genetic diversity of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) trees reveals the species' varying susceptibility to dieback. Woodlands forests around world are increasingly susceptible spread pests pathogens resulting from climate change global trade. In particular, across Europe North America currently threatened by fungal disease dieback infestation emerald borer beetle, respectively. Against this background, Richard Buggs colleagues report first an tree, Fraxinus...
The differential accumulation and elimination of repetitive DNA are key drivers genome size variation in flowering plants, yet there have been few studies which analysed how different types repeats related species contribute to evolution within a phylogenetic context. This question is addressed here by conducting large-scale comparative analysis 23 from four genera the monophyletic legume tribe Fabeae, representing 7.6-fold size. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that this diversity arose...
Abstract Gnetophytes are an enigmatic gymnosperm lineage comprising three genera, Gnetum , Welwitschia and Ephedra which morphologically distinct from all other seed plants. Their distinctiveness has triggered much debate as to their origin, evolution phylogenetic placement among To increase our understanding of the gnetophytes, relation plants, we report here a high-quality draft genome sequence for montanum first any gnetophyte. By using novel assembly strategy deal with high levels...
A large proportion of genomic information, particularly repetitive elements, is usually ignored when researchers are using next-generation sequencing. Here we demonstrate the usefulness this fraction in phylogenetic analyses, utilizing comparative graph-based clustering sequence reads, which results abundance estimates different classes repeats. Phylogenetic trees then inferred based on genome-wide repeat types treated as continuously varying characters; such repeats scattered across...
Summary Plants exhibit an extraordinary range of genome sizes, varying by > 2000‐fold between the smallest and largest recorded values. In absence polyploidy, changes in amount repetitive DNA (transposable elements tandem repeats) are primarily responsible for size differences species. However, there is ongoing debate regarding relative importance amplification versus its deletion governing size. Using data from 454 sequencing, we analysed most fraction some known genomes diploid plant...
• Efforts are currently underway to establish a standard DNA barcode region for fungi; we tested the utility of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) nuclear ribosomal barcoding in lichen-forming fungi by sampling diverse species across eight orders. Amplification ITS (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2) was conducted 351 samples, encompassing 107, 55 and 28 species, genera families, respectively, lichenized fungi. We assessed ability entire vs ITS2 alone discriminate between taxonomic dataset (members genus Usnea)...
Recent advances have highlighted the ubiquity of whole-genome duplication (polyploidy) in angiosperms, although subsequent genome size change and diploidization (returning to a diploid-like condition) are poorly understood. An excellent system assess these processes is provided by Nicotiana section Repandae, which arose via allopolyploidy (approximately 5 million years ago) involving relatives sylvestris obtusifolia. Subsequent speciation Repandae has resulted allotetraploids with divergent...
Summary Since the occurrence of giant genomes in angiosperms is restricted to just a few lineages, identifying where shifts towards genome obesity have occurred essential for understanding evolutionary mechanisms triggering this process. Genome sizes were assessed using flow cytometry 79 species and new chromosome numbers obtained. Phylogenetically based statistical methods applied infer ancestral character reconstructions nuclear DNA contents. Melanthiaceae are most diverse family terms...
Societal Impact Statement The current ash dieback epidemic in Europe caused by Hymenoscyphus fraxineus poses a key question to policy makers: whether or not commit time and resources the initiation of breeding programme for development more resistant ash, as long‐term adaptation epidemic. Here we review evidence on potential viability such programme, from biological perspective. We conclude that aimed at resistance strains H . British Isles is biologically feasible. Summary To evaluate...
Societal Impact Statement Trees in urban environments provide us with shade, heat mitigation, flood abatement, noise and pollution reduction, pollination, beauty, much more. However, many of these benefits are strongly connected to tree size vitality, larger, healthier trees providing ecosystem services more effectively, which means that selecting the right for site function is crucial order gain all from our trees. Summary play a major role Earth's biogeochemical processes, influencing soil...
Reticulate evolution may function both at the species level, through homoploid and polyploid hybridization, below inter intragenic recombination. These processes represent challenges for reconstruction of evolutionary relationships between species, because they cannot be represented adequately with bifurcating trees. We use data from low-copy nuclear genes to evaluate long-standing hypotheses (interspecific) hybrid speciation in Nicotiana (Solanaceae) reconstruct a complex series...
Numerous plant genera have a history including frequent hybridisation and polyploidisation (allopolyploidisation), which means that their phylogeny is network of reticulate evolution cannot be accurately depicted as bifurcating tree with single tip per species. The genus Betula, contains many ecologically important species, case in point. We generated genome-wide sequence reads for 27 diploid 36 polyploid Betula species or subspecies using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequences....
The detection of molecular convergence can be an effective approach for uncovering loci underlying adaptive traits that have evolved independently between lineages. Within the genus Fraxinus (ash trees) low susceptibility to fungal pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, causative agent ash dieback disease (ADB) epidemic, is observed in three independent lineages known or plausible natural hosts. Here, we seek identify genetic basis this trait, which key future survival excelsior populations...
Nicotiana (Solanaceae) provides an ideal system for understanding polyploidization, a pervasive and powerful evolutionary force in plants, as this genus contains several groups of allotetraploids that formed at different times from diploid progenitors. However, the parental lineages largest group allotetraploids, section Suaveolentes, have been problematic to identify. Using data four regions three low-copy nuclear genes, ribosomal DNA, plastid genome, we reconstructed origin sect....
The RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway can be divided into three phases: 1) small interfering RNA biogenesis, 2) de novo methylation, and 3) chromatin modification. To determine the degree of conservation this we searched for key genes among land plants. We used OrthoMCL Viridiplantae database to analyze proteomes species in bryophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms. also analyzed size categories and, two cytosine ribosomal DNA. Six proteins were restricted...