Abstract Generative pre-trained models have achieved remarkable success in various domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Specifically, the combination of large-scale diverse datasets transformers has emerged a promising approach for developing foundation models. Drawing parallels between linguistic constructs cellular biology — where texts comprise words, similarly, cells are defined by genes our study probes applicability to advance genetics research. Utilizing...

Background Aedes albopictus is an important dengue vector because of its aggressive biting behavior and rapid spread out native home range in Southeast Asia. Pyrethroids are widely used for adult mosquito control, resistance to pyrethroids should be carefully monitored control the only effective method currently available prevent transmission. The voltage-gated sodium channel gene target site pyrethroids, mutations this cause knockdown (kdr). Previous studies reported various (VGSC) gene,...

Class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC-I) proteins play a pivotal role in adaptive immunity by displaying epitopic peptides to CD8+ T cells. The chaperones tapasin and TAPBPR promote the selection of immunogenic antigens from large pool intracellular peptides. Interactions chaperoned MHC-I molecules with incoming are transient nature, as result, precise antigen proofreading mechanism remains elusive. Here, we leverage high-fidelity variant conformationally stabilized MHC-I, determine...

Strengthening malaria control and expediting progress toward elimination requires targeting gametocytes to interrupt transmission. Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) effectively clears Plasmodium falciparum asexual parasites immature but has a limited impact on mature gametocytes, which mosquitoes ingest during blood meal. To address this gap, the World Health Organization recommends adding single low dose of primaquine (PQ) ACT regimens. This study assessed efficacy low-dose PQ for...

Abstract Interactions between bacterial microbiota and mosquitoes play an important role in mosquitoes’ capacity to transmit pathogens. However, assemblages within the impact of environments on mosquito development survival remain unclear. This study examined effects aquatic environment larval Aedes albopictus mosquito, dengue virus vector. Life table studies have found that reducing load natural habitats through water filtering treatment with antibiotics significantly reduced larva‐to‐adult...

Dengue is one of the most serious mosquito-borne infectious diseases in world. Aedes albopictus invasive mosquito and primary vectors dengue. Vector control using insecticides only viable strategy to prevent dengue virus transmission. In Guangzhou, after 2014 pandemic, massive have been implemented. Massive insecticide use may lead development resistance, but few reports are available on status resistance Guangzhou 2014. this study, Ae. were collected from four districts with varied...

Abstract Knowledge of insect dispersal is relevant to the control agricultural pests, vector-borne transmission human and veterinary pathogens, biodiversity. Previous studies in a malaria endemic area Sahel region West Africa revealed high-altitude, long-distance migration insects various mosquito species. The objective current study was assess whether similar behavior exhibited by mosquitoes other around Lake Victoria basin Kenya East Africa. Insects were sampled monthly from dusk dawn over...

The microbial larvicides Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and sphaericus have been used extensively for mosquito control found to be effective safe non-target organisms cohabiting with larvae. Recently developed long lasting (LLML), although evading the previous challenge of short duration activity, increase risk persistence toxins in treated larval habitats. This study monitored impact LLML FourStar® LL3 on larvae an operational malaria vectors western Kenya highlands. A total 300...

The directional selection for insecticide resistance due to indiscriminate use of insecticides in public health and agricultural system favors an increase the frequency insecticide-resistant alleles natural populations. Similarly, removal pressure generally leads decay resistance. Past investigations on emergence mosquitoes mostly relied field survey vector populations that typically had a complex history exposure various pest control nature, thus effect specific rate emergency or is not...

Anopheles sinensis is one of the most abundant vectors malaria and other diseases in Asia. Vector control through use insecticides front line method vector-borne diseases. Pyrethroids are commonly used due to their low toxicity vertebrates repellency. However, extensive has imposed strong selection pressure on mosquito populations for resistance. High levels resistance pyrethroid various mutations haplotypes para sodium channel gene that confers knockdown (kdr) have been detected An....

Aedes albopictus is a globally invasive mosquito and major vector of arboviruses, including dengue, Zika Chikungunya. Olfactory-related behaviors, particularly host-seeking, offer opportunities to disrupt the disease-transmission process. A better understanding odorant receptors (ORs) may assist in explaining host selection location, contribute novel strategy control. Based on previous prediction 158 putative by Ae. genome analysis, 29 AalORs were selected for tissue-specific expression...

Internally displaced persons (IDP) represent vulnerable populations whose public health conditions merit special attention. In the China–Myanmar border area, human movement and resettlements of IDP can influence malaria transmission. Comparison disease incidence vector densities between camps surrounding local villages allows for better understanding current epidemiology to evaluate effectiveness interventions in region. Malaria surveillance was conducted three neighbouring along Myanmar....

Parasite genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection (MOI) affect clinical outcomes, response to drug treatment naturally-acquired or vaccine-induced immunity. Traditional methods often underestimate the frequency multiclonal infections due technical sensitivity specificity. Next-generation sequencing techniques provide a novel opportunity study complexity parasite populations molecular epidemiology. Symptomatic asymptomatic Plasmodium vivax samples were collected from health...

In the past decade, developing countries have been experiencing rapid land use and cover changes, including deforestation cultivation of previously forested land. However, little is known about impact land-use changes on life history malaria vectors their effects transmission. This study examined crop adult survivorship major mosquitoes, Anopheles sinensis An. minimus in China-Myanmar border region. We three conditions: indoor, forested, banana plantation. Mean survival time plantation...

Abstract A thorough understanding of malaria vector species composition and their bionomic characteristics is crucial to devise effective efficient control interventions reduce transmission. It has been well documented in Africa that the past decade have resulted major changes from endophilic Anopheles gambiae exophilic An. arabiensis . However, role cryptic rare mosquito transmission not known. This study examined distribution, with a particular focus on potential novel, uncharacterized...

Water resource development projects, such as dams and irrigation schemes, have a positive impact on food security poverty reduction. However, projects could increase prevalence of vector borne disease, malaria. This study investigate the different agroecosystems malaria infection in Southwest Ethiopia.Two cross-sectional surveys were conducted dry wet seasons irrigated non-irrigated clusters Arjo sugarcane Gambella rice areas Ethiopia 2019. A total 4464 2176 participants from 1449 households...

Attention mechanisms have been widely used to capture long-range dependencies among nodes in Graph Transformers. Bottlenecked by the quadratic computational cost, attention fail scale large graphs. Recent improvements efficiency are mainly achieved sparsification with random or heuristic-based graph subsampling, which falls short data-dependent context reasoning. State space models (SSMs), such as Mamba, gained prominence for their effectiveness and modeling sequential data. However,...

<title>Abstract</title> Background Perflutren lipid microsphere suspension, sold under the brand name Definity®, is a microbubble ultrasound contrast agent. The microspheres contain octafluoropropane (C₃F₈) gas encapsulated by an outer shell of phospholipids and polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated phospholipid. Anaphylaxis to perflutren (Definity®) rare, with only one case report attributing reaction PEG excipient. We novel anaphylaxis likely caused non-PEGylated component...

Increasing unplanned urbanization in tropical Africa may create new niches for malaria vectors, raising transmission risk, yet control efforts focus on rural ecosystems. Understanding mosquito diversity, ecology and biting behaviour urban areas is crucial effective control. This study assessed Anopheles abundance, behaviour, Plasmodium infection rates Kisumu city, Kenya. Indoor outdoor host-seeking resting adult mosquitoes were collected using CDC miniature light traps (CDC-LT) Prokopack...

Existing malaria control strategies for Plasmodium vivax are challenging due to its dormant and relapsing liver stages, as well the early onset of gametocytogenesis. Primaquine (PQ) effectively eliminates stages can kill gametocytes; however, it necessitates repeated dosing. In this study, effectiveness chloroquine (CQ) plus low-dose PQ on recurrence transmission-blocking activity was evaluated. Between September 2019 July 2022, a prospective cohort study conducted in Jimma-Arjo Dabo-Hanna...

Abstract Background Mosquitoes are vectors of many tropical diseases. Understanding the ecology local mosquito vectors, such as species composition, distributions, population dynamics, and diversity is important for designing optimal strategy to control mosquito-borne Methods Entomological surveillance adult mosquitoes was conducted in five sites representing different ecological settings across Hainan Island from January December 2018 using BG Sentinel (BGS) traps Centers Disease Prevention...