A5074085102- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
- Acute Kidney Injury Research
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Microbial Metabolism and Applications
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Renal and related cancers
- Viral Infectious Diseases and Gene Expression in Insects
- Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- MicroRNA in disease regulation
- Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Circular RNAs in diseases
- Transgenic Plants and Applications
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- RNA Research and Splicing
- RNA regulation and disease
- Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
Max Delbrück Center
2013-2025
Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
2022
University of Duisburg-Essen
2022
Massachusetts General Hospital
2003-2013
Harvard University
2003-2013
University of Asmara
2011
Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire
2011
Université de Strasbourg
2011
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
1993-2011
Institut Pasteur
1992-2001
Hundreds of circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly abundant in the mammalian brain, often with conserved expression. Here we show that circRNA Cdr1as is massively bound by microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-7 and miR-671 human mouse brains. When locus was removed from genome, knockout animals displayed impaired sensorimotor gating-a deficit ability to filter out unnecessary information-which associated neuropsychiatric disorders. Electrophysiological recordings revealed dysfunctional synaptic transmission....
Mapping the planarian transcriptome A cell type's defines active genes that control its biology. Two groups used single-cell RNA sequencing to define transcriptomes for essentially all types of a complete animal, regenerative Schmidtea mediterranea. Because pluripotent stem cells constantly differentiate rejuvenate any part body this species, developmental lineages are in adult animals. Fincher et al. determined most, if not all, types, including some were previously unknown. They also...
By the onset of morphogenesis, Drosophila embryos consist about 6000 cells that express distinct gene combinations. Here, we used single-cell sequencing precisely staged and devised DistMap, a computational mapping strategy to reconstruct embryo predict spatial expression approaching resolution. We produced virtual with 8000 expressed genes per cell. Our interactive Virtual Expression eXplorer (DVEX) database generates three-dimensional in situ hybridizations computes gradients. DVEX uncover...
The lecithinase gene of the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes, plcB, was identified in a 5,648-bp DNA fragment which expressed activity when cloned into Escherichia coli. This is located immediately downstream previously mpl (prtA). It contains five open reading frames, named actA, and ORFX, -Y, -Z, which, together with mpl, form an operon, since 5.7-kb-long transcript originates from promoter upstream (J. Mengaud, C. Geoffroy, P. Cossart, Infect. Immun. 59:1043-1049, 1991). A...
Recent developments in droplet-based microfluidics allow the transcriptional profiling of thousands individual cells a quantitative, highly parallel and cost-effective way. A critical, often limiting step is preparation an unperturbed state, not altered by stress or ageing. Other challenges are rare that need to be collected over several days samples prepared at different times locations.Here, we used chemical fixation address these problems. Methanol allowed us stabilise preserve...
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) fragments are readily internalized and processed by Drosophila S2 cells, making these cells a widely used tool for the analysis of gene function silencing through interference (RNAi). The underlying mechanisms insufficiently understood. To identify components RNAi pathway in we developed screen based on rescue from RNAi-induced lethality. We identified Argonaute 2, core component machinery, three products previously unknown to be involved Drosophila: DEAD-box...
The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes can infect host tissues by using directional actin assembly to propel itself from one cell into another. movement is generated continuous end of the bacterium a tail, which left behind in cytoplasm. Bacterial requires expression bacterial gene actA. We have used immunocytochemistry show that actA product, ActA, distributed asymmetrically on surface: it not expressed at pole and increasingly concentrated towards other. This...
Summary Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) from strains of pathogenic Escherichia coli induces in human epithelial HEp‐2 cells, a profound reorganization the actin cytoskeleton into prominent stress fibres and membrane ruffles. We report here that this process is associated with induction phagocytic‐like activity. CNF1‐treated cells acquired ability to ingest latex beads as well non‐invasive bacteria such Listeria innocua , which were taken model system. Uptake was similar...
Using recombinant DNA techniques, we reconstructed a genealogical tree (Sablitzky, F., Wildner, G. & Rajewsky, K. (1985) EMBO J. 4, 345-350) that connects three clonally related B cells producing somatically mutated antibodies to progenitor cell expressing germ line-encoded antibody. The somatic mutants had been isolated from an in vivo immune response. antibody bound the antigen with high affinity. Intraclonal affinity maturation occurred stepwise over 15-fold range.
Background Three different cell types constitute the glomerular filter: mesangial cells, endothelial and podocytes. However, to what extent cellular heterogeneity exists within healthy populations remains unknown. Methods We used nanodroplet-based highly parallel transcriptional profiling characterize content of purified wild-type mouse glomeruli. Results Unsupervised clustering nearly 13,000 single-cell transcriptomes identified three known types. provide a comprehensive online atlas gene...
Herpesvirus infection initiates a range of perturbations in the host cell, which remain poorly understood at level individual cells. Here, we quantify transcriptome single human primary fibroblasts during first hours lytic with HSV-1. By applying generalizable analysis scheme, define precise temporal order early viral gene expression and propose set-wise emergence genes. We identify cell genes pathways relevant for by combining three different computational approaches: pathway overdispersion...
Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcomes. Cellular mechanisms underlying AKI cell responses to remain incompletely understood. Methods We performed single-nuclei transcriptomics, bulk molecular imaging studies, conventional histology on tissues from 8 individuals severe (stage 2 or 3 according Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria). Specimens were obtained within 1–2 h after had...
Listeria monocytogenes and Shigella flexneri are two unrelated facultative intracellular pathogens which spread from cell to by using a similar mode of movement based on continuous actin assembly at one pole the bacterium. This process requires asymmetrical expression ActA surface protein in L. IcsA (VirG) S. flexneri. share no sequence homology. To assess role proteins generation actin-based movement, we expressed them genetic context non-actin polymerizing, non-pathogenic bacterial...
Summary Entry of Listeria monocytogenes into epithelial cells requires expression inlA , the first gene an operon comprising two genes: which encodes internalin, a 800‐amino‐acid protein, and inlB 630‐amino‐acid protein. We report here that inl locus is transcribed on transcripts in constant relative ratio: 5 kb transcript spanning 2.9 covers only inlA. The promoter located 397 bp from GTG initiator displays its ‐35 region palindrome similar to found promoters controlled by pleiotropic...
The function of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) in motility is analyzed using a biomimetic assay which ActA-coated microspheres propel themselves medium containing actin, the Arp2/3 complex, and three regulatory proteins absence or presence VASP. Propulsion linked to cycles filament barbed end attachment-branching-detachment-growth ActA-activated complex incorporates at junctions branched filaments. VASP increases velocity beads. branch spacing filaments actin tail, as it does...
Background Two NF-kappaB signaling pathways, Toll and immune deficiency (imd), are required for survival to bacterial infections in Drosophila. In response septic injury, these pathways mediate rapid transcriptional activation of distinct sets effector molecules, including antimicrobial peptides, which important components a humoral defense response. However, it is less clear what extent macrophage-like hemocytes contribute host defense. Methodology/Principal Findings order dissect the...
An in-depth mechanistic understanding of microbial infection necessitates a molecular dissection host–pathogen relationships. Both Drosophila melanogaster and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been intensively studied. Here, we analyze the D. by P. using mutants in both host pathogen. We show that orally ingested crosses intestinal barrier then proliferates hemolymph, thereby causing infected flies to die bacteremia. Host defenses against included an immune deficiency (IMD) response epithelium,...