A5044847643- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Photochromic and Fluorescence Chemistry
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Genital Health and Disease
- Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Cephalopods and Marine Biology
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- History of Medical Practice
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study
- Congenital heart defects research
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Coronary Artery Anomalies
- Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Nerve injury and regeneration
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
2022-2024
University of California, Berkeley
2012-2020
University of California, San Diego
2009-2013
University of Washington
2006-2009
University College London
2009
Institute of Neurobiology
2001
Johns Hopkins Medicine
1999
Johns Hopkins University
1999
Nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophins support survival of neurons through processes that are incompletely understood. The transcription CREB is a critical mediator NGF-dependent gene expression, but whether family factors regulate expression genes contribute to sympathetic unknown. CREB-mediated was both necessary for sufficient on its own promote neurons. Moreover, Bcl-2 activated by NGF CREB-dependent transcriptional mechanism. Overexpression reduced the death-promoting effects...
In the primate retina small bistratified, “blue-yellow” color-opponent ganglion cell receives parallel ON-depolarizing and OFF-hyperpolarizing inputs from short (S)-wavelength sensitive combined long (L)- middle (M)-wavelength cone photoreceptors, respectively. However, synaptic pathways that create S versus LM cone-opponent receptive field structure remain controversial. Here, we show in macaque monkey <i>in vitro</i> at photopic light levels, when an identified rod input is excluded,...
Rattling the cage: The two γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives 1 and 2 exhibit efficient rapid (<5×10−6 s) GABA photorelease upon one-photon excitation combined with two-photon uncaging cross-section at λ=800 nm. Compounds were successfully used for release in intact brain tissue, thus offering attractive perspectives chemical neurosciences. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or...
Negative feedback from horizontal cells to cone photoreceptors is regarded as the critical pathway for formation of antagonistic surround retinal neurons, yet mechanism by which accomplish negative has been difficult determine. Recent evidence suggests that uses a novel, non-GABAergic directly modulates calcium current in cones. In non-mammalian vertebrates, enrichment pH buffering capacity attenuates cell feedback, supporting one model occurs modulation extracellular synaptic cleft. Here we...
Lateral inhibition at the first synapse in retina is important for visual perception, enhancing image contrast, color discrimination, and light adaptation. Despite decades of research, feedback signal from horizontal cells to photoreceptors that generates lateral remains uncertain. GABA, protons, or an ephaptic mechanism have all been suggested as primary mediator feedback. However, complexity reciprocal cone cell has left identity unsolved mystery.
Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) are known for their role in immunity and have recently been implicated long-term plasticity excitatory synaptic transmission. However, mechanisms by which MHCI influences remain unknown. Here we show that endogenous regulates responses mediated NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The AMPA/NMDA ratio is decreased at MHCI-deficient hippocampal synapses, reflecting an increase...
Microglial activation can lead to microglial apoptosis, which may serve remove highly reactive and possibly neurotoxic microglia. However the loss of microglia have consequences for future recovery, protection repair. P53, a nuclear phosphoprotein transcription factor, is critical activating expression genes involved in cell-cycle arrest stress-induced apoptosis. In neurodegenerative diseases p53 significantly increased glial cells, numbers fall. Following with chromogranin A (100 nM), or...
Optogenetics has become an emerging technique for neuroscience investigations owing to the great spatiotemporal precision and target selectivity it provides. Here we extend optogenetic strategy GABAA receptors (GABAARs), major mediators of inhibitory neurotransmission in brain. We generated a light-regulated receptor (LiGABAR) by conjugating photoswitchable tethered ligand (PTL) onto mutant containing cysteine-substituted α1-subunit. The installed PTL can be advanced or retracted from...
Memory impairment is a common feature of conditions that involve changes in inflammatory signaling the brain, including traumatic brain injury, infection, neurodegenerative disorders, and normal aging. However, causal importance mediators cognitive impairments these remains unclear. Here we show specific immune proteins, members major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I), are essential for hippocampus-dependent memory, specifically required NMDAR-dependent forms long-term depression...
Unter Bestrahlung setzen die γ-Aminobuttersäure(GABA)-Derivate 1 und 2 effizient schnell (<5×10−6 s) GABA frei, wobei Anregung durch ein oder zwei Photonen (λ=800 nm; mit außergewöhnlichem Einfangquerschnitt) erfolgen kann. Weil sich aus nach Zweiphotonenanregung auch in intaktem Hirngewebe freisetzen lässt, sind Verbindungen vielversprechend für Anwendungen den Neurowissenschaften. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as "Supporting Information". Such documents...
The A1 cell is an axon-bearing amacrine of the primate retina with a diffusely stratified, moderately branched dendritic tree (∼400 μm diameter). Axons arise from proximal dendrites forming second concentric, larger arborization (>4 mm diameter) thin processes bouton-like swellings along their length. cells are ON-OFF transient that fire brief high frequency burst action potentials in response to light (Stafford & Dacey, 1997). It has been hypothesized receive local input dendrites,...
Fully grown oocytes of Xenopus laevis undergo resumption the meiotic cycle when treated with steroid hormone progesterone. Previous studies have shown that maturation results in profound downregulation specific endogenous membrane proteins oocytes. To determine whether impacts functional properties exogenously expressed proteins, we used cut-open recordings from expressing several types Na + and K channels. Treatment progesterone resulted a heterologously channels without change kinetics...
Abstract Neurodevelopmental disorders are thought to arise from intrinsic brain abnormalities. Alternatively, they may disrupted crosstalk among tissues. Here we show the local reduction of two vestibulo-cerebellar lobules, paraflocculus and flocculus, in mouse models humans with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). In mice, this paraflocculus/flocculus dysplasia is associated haploinsufficiency Tbx1 gene. also leads impaired cerebellar synaptic plasticity motor learning. However, neural...
ABSTRACT: A questionnaire on changes in rates and attitudes toward circumcision was sent to the head nurses 500 urban suburban hospitals U. S. returned by 311. An average of 76.4 per cent boys are circumcised. Almost half reported unchanged rates; 43.8 said circumcisions had decreased 5.5 they markedly. Nearly all parents were thought have decided before birth. Few if any physicians counsel for or against circumcision.