A5030125308- Magnetic confinement fusion research
- Fusion materials and technologies
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Laser-Plasma Interactions and Diagnostics
- Superconducting Materials and Applications
- Particle accelerators and beam dynamics
- Nuclear reactor physics and engineering
- Nuclear Physics and Applications
- Plasma Diagnostics and Applications
- Surface Treatment and Residual Stress
- Solar and Space Plasma Dynamics
- Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers
- Nuclear Engineering Thermal-Hydraulics
- Nuclear Materials and Properties
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies
- Aortic aneurysm repair treatments
- GNSS positioning and interference
- Erosion and Abrasive Machining
- Graphite, nuclear technology, radiation studies
Culham Science Centre
2015-2024
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
2018-2024
University of Cambridge
2013-2024
Culham Centre for Fusion Energy
2015-2024
National Centre for Nuclear Research
2021
University of York
2009-2020
Royal Military Academy
2020
Zoo Miami
2006-2020
University of Liverpool
2013-2019
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2019
Objective- Recent studies suggested the occurrence of phenotypic switching vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) during development aortic aneurysm (AA). However, lineage-tracing are still lacking, and behavior VSMCs formation dissecting AA is poorly understood. Approach Results- We used multicolor lineage tracing to track their fate after injury in murine models Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced AA. also addressed direct impact autophagy on response dissection. Finally, we studied relevance...
The application of nonaxisymmetric resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with a toroidal mode number $n=6$ in the MAST tokamak produces significant reduction plasma energy loss associated type-I edge localized modes (ELMs), first such observation $n>3$. During ELM mitigated stage clear lobe structures are observed visible-light imaging $X$-point region. These lobes or manifold structures, that were predicted previously, have been for time range discharges and their appearance is correlated...
Milk fat globule-EGF 8 (MFGE8) plays important, nonredundant roles in several biological processes, including apoptotic cell clearance, angiogenesis, and adaptive immunity. Several recent studies have reported a potential role for MFGE8 regulation of the innate immune response; however, precise mechanisms underlying this are poorly understood. Here, we show that is an endogenous inhibitor inflammasome-induced IL-1β production. inhibited necrotic cell–induced ATP-dependent production by...
Divertor detachment is explored on the TCV tokamak in alternative magnetic geometries. Starting from typical single-null shapes, poloidal flux expansion at outer strikepoint varied by a factor of 10 to investigate X-divertor characteristics, and total 70 study properties super-X divertor. The effect an additional X-point near target investigated divertors. Detachment studied these plasmas during Ohmic density ramps with ion B drift away primary X-point. threshold, depth detachment, stability...
Abstract The tokamak à configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system address critical issues in preparation for ITER a fusion power plant. For the 2019–20 campaign configurational flexibility has been enhanced with installation of removable divertor gas baffles, diagnostic capabilities an extensive set upgrades new dual frequency gyrotrons. baffles reduce coupling between main chamber allow detailed...
Sustained edge-localized mode (ELM) mitigation has been achieved using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) with a toroidal number of n = 4 and 6 in lower single null 3 connected double plasmas on MAST. The ELM frequency increases by up to factor eight similar reduction energy loss. A threshold current for is observed above which the approximately linearly coils. comparison filament structures during ELMs natural mitigated stages shows that have characteristics type I even though their...
The penetration dynamics of the resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) field is simulated in full toroidal geometry, under realistic plasma conditions MAST experiments. physics associated with several aspects RMP penetration—the response and rotational screening, non-resonant torques momentum balance—are highlighted. In particular, found to significantly amplify component for some plasmas. A fast rotating plasma, static external fields, experiences a more distributed electromagnetic torque due...
This work presents a novel, real-time capable, 10-channel Multispectral Advanced Narrowband Tokamak Imaging System installed on the TCV tokamak, MANTIS. Software and hardware requirements are presented together with complete system architecture. The image quality of is assessed emphasis effects resulting from narrowband interference filters. Some filters found to create internal reflection images that correlated filters' coefficient. was measured for selected where significant absorption (up...
We present the first analysis of atomic and molecular processes at play during detachment in MAST-U Super-X divertor using spectroscopy data. Our indicates can be separated into four sequential phases: First, ionisation region detaches from target onset leaving a increased densities downstream. The plasma interacts with these molecules, resulting ions ($D_2^+$ and/or $D_2^- \rightarrow D + D^-$) that further react leading to Molecular Activated Recombination Dissociation (MAR MAD), which...
Abstract In this work, we provide the first 2D spatially resolved description of radiative detachment in MAST-U Super-X L-mode divertor plasmas. The magnetic configuration was designed to achieve reduced heat- and particle loads at target compared conventional exhaust solutions. We use filtered camera imaging reconstruct emissivity profiles poloidal plane for multiple atomic molecular emission lines bands. A set deuterium fuelling scans is discussed that, together, span attached deeply...
Abstract The vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H2 (Yacora H2(X1, v)) has
been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from cross-sections of the
Yacora v) effective rate coefficients molecular processes relevant to
detachment. A reduced extended implementation was constructed
to form EIRENE-style databases use in SOLPS-ITER. implementation
utilises same as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst...
The TCV tokamak is augmenting its unique historical capabilities (strong shaping, strong electron heating) with ion heating, additional heating compatible high densities, and variable divertor geometry, in a multifaceted upgrade program designed to broaden operational range without sacrificing fundamental flexibility. rooted three-pronged approach aimed at ITER support, explorations towards DEMO, research. A 1 MW, tangential neutral beam injector (NBI) was recently installed promptly...
Burning plasmas with 500 MW of fusion power on ITER will rely partially detached divertor operation to keep target heat loads at manageable levels. Such regimes be maintained by a real-time control system using the seeding radiative impurities like nitrogen (N), neon or argon as actuator and one more diagnostic signals sensors. Recently, detachment has been successfully achieved in Type I ELMy H-mode JET-ITER-like wall discharges saturation current (Isat) measurements from Langmuir probes...
The low temperature boundary layer plasma (scrape-off or SOL) between the hot core and surrounding vessel determines level of power loading, erosion implantation material surfaces, thus viability tokamak-based fusion as an energy source. This study explores mechanisms affecting formation flattened density profiles, so-called 'density shoulders', in low-field side (LFS) SOL, which modify ion neutral fluxes to surfaces—and subsequent erosion. There is evidence against local enhancement...
Most of the detachment experiments done to date on tokamak à configuration variable (TCV), both in standard and alternative divertor geometries, focused L-mode integrated core density ramps. In view extending these studies high-power, high-confinement regimes, where impurity seeding will be necessary for detachment, properties nitrogen seeded TCV are assessed here with extensive set edge diagnostics similarities differences () ramp elucidated. It is found that high current, reversed field...
This paper shows experimental results from the TCV tokamak that indicate plasma-molecule interactions involving $D_2^+$ and possibly $D^-$ play an important role as sinks of energy (through hydrogenic radiation well dissociation) particles during divertor detachment if low target temperatures ($< 3$ eV) are achieved. Both molecular activated recombination (MAR) ion source reduction due to a power limitation effect shown be in reducing flux density ramp. In contrast, electron-ion (EIR) sink...
Abstract Aims Heart failure and associated cachexia is an unresolved important problem. This study aimed to determine the factors that contribute cardiac in a new model of heart mice lack integrated stress response (ISR) induced eIF2α phosphatase, PPP1R15A. Methods results Mice were irradiated reconstituted with bone marrow cells. lacking functional PPP1R15A, exhibited dilated cardiomyopathy severe weight loss following irradiation, whilst wild-type unaffected. was increased expression Gdf15...
Abstract The integration of good core and edge/pedestal confinement with strong dissipation heat particles in the divertors is a significant challenge for development fusion energy. Alternative divertor configurations offer potential advantages by broadening operational space where device can operate detached acceptable power exhaust. First results from MAST Upgrade are presented high mode experiments outer Super-X configuration, showing that naturally detach when formed no discernible...
Abstract An integrated data analysis system based on Bayesian inference has been developed for application to from multiple diagnostics over the two-dimensional cross-section of tokamak divertors. The divertor multi-instrument (D-MIBAS) tested a synthetic dataset (including realistic experimental uncertainties) generated SOLPS-ITER predictions MAST-U divertor. resulting was within 6%, 5%, and 30% median absolute percentage error SOLPS-ITER-predicted electron temperature, density, neutral...
Abstract 2D profiles of electron density and neutral temperature are inferred from multi-delay Coherence Imaging Spectroscopy data divertor plasmas using a non-linear inversion technique. The inference is based on imaging the spectral line-broadening Balmer lines can differentiate between Doppler Stark broadening components by measuring fringe contrast at multiple interferometric delays simultaneously. model has been applied to images generated simulated evaluate its performance. Typical...
Abstract Fast ion (FI) loss properties in the presence of tearing mode and internal kink perturbations are numerically investigated for discharges MAST-U spherical tokamak, utilizing MARS-F magnetohydrodynamic stability code REORBIT test particle guiding-center orbit-following module. Tracing about 100,000 markers sampled from equilibrium distribution neutral-beam injection induced FIs, it is found that 10% out total strike limiting surface (including divertor surface) discharge 46943,...
Major developments on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) have enabled important advances in support of ITER and physics basis a spherical tokamak (ST) based component test facility (CTF), as well providing new insight into underlying physics. For example, L–H transition studies benefit from high spatial temporal resolution measurements pedestal profile evolution (temperature, density radial electric field) stability edge current has been inferred motional Stark effect measurements. The...
The distortion of the plasma boundary when three-dimensional resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) are applied has been measured in MAST H-mode plasmas. When n = 3 RMPs to control edge-localized modes (ELMs), experiences a strong toroidal corrugation. displacement is at various locations and found be order 5% minor radius for an field magnitude which mitigates ELMs. empirically observed corrugation edge position agrees well with ideal equilibrium reconstruction.
SOLPS simulations of MAST-U have been carried out to identify in more detail the physics and operational properties novel divertor configurations such as Super-x (SXD), particular detachment. A well diagnosed L-mode discharge from MAST has utilised determine transport coefficients representative for plasmas. Simulations show that under same core plasma conditions, SXD is strongly detached whilst conventional (CD) not (1 eV versus 20 at plate). The detachment higher power losses (1.6×)...