A5018459726- Asthma and respiratory diseases
- IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Allergic Rhinitis and Sensitization
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics
- Respiratory Support and Mechanisms
- Neonatal Respiratory Health Research
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Eosinophilic Esophagitis
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Research
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
University of Virginia
2015-2025
University of Virginia Health System
2014-2023
Charlottesville Medical Research
2021
University of Virginia Medical Center
2020
Ingestion of probiotics appears to have modest effects on the incidence viral respiratory infection. The mechanism these is not clear; however, there evidence from animal models that probiotic may an effect innate immune responses pathogens. purpose this randomised, placebo-controlled study was determine administration Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis Bl-04 and adaptive host experimental rhinovirus challenge. response chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8) infection defined as...
Three COVID-19 vaccines have received FDA-authorization and are in use the United States, but there is limited head-to-head data on durability of immune response elicited by these vaccines. Using a quantitative assay we studied binding IgG antibodies BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 or Ad26.COV2.S an employee cohort over span out to 10 months. Age sex were explored as modifiers. Of 234 subjects vaccine cohort, 114 six Ad26.COV2.S. levels measured between seven 20 days after second vaccination similar...
Introduction Up to 30% of hospitalized COVID-19 patients experience persistent sequelae, including pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Methods We examined survivors with impaired lung function and imaging worrisome for developing PF found within six months, symptoms, restriction improved in some (Early-Resolving COVID-PF), but persisted others (Late-Resolving COVID-PF). To evaluate immune mechanisms associated recovery versus PF, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing multiplex immunostaining on...
Abstract Rhinovirus (RV) is a major cause of common cold and an important trigger acute episodes chronic lung diseases. Antigenic variation across the numerous RV strains results in frequent infections lack durable cross-protection. Because nature human CD4+ T cells that target largely unknown, cell epitopes capsid proteins were analyzed, cognate characterized healthy subjects those infected by intranasal challenge. Peptide RV-A16 VP1 VP2 identified peptide/MHC class II tetramer-guided...
For an emerging disease like COVID-19, systems immunology tools may quickly identify and quantitatively characterize cells associated with progression or clinical response. With repeated sampling, immune monitoring creates a real-time portrait of the reacting to novel virus before disease-specific knowledge are established. However, single cell analysis can struggle reveal rare that under 0.1% population. Here, machine learning workflow Tracking Responders EXpanding (T-REX) was created...
Many difficult to understand clinical features characterize COVID-19 and Post-Acute Sequelae of (PASC or Long COVID, LC). These can include blood pressure instability, hyperinflammation, coagulopathies, neuropsychiatric complaints. The pathogenesis these remains unclear. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) binds Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the surface host cells initiate infection. We hypothesized that some patients may produce anti-RBD antibodies resemble...
Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases. Although infection elicits neutralizing antibodies, these do not persist or cross-protect across multiple rhinovirus strains. To analyze rhinovirus-specific B cell responses in humans, we developed techniques using intact RV-A16 RV-A39 for high-throughput high-dimensional single-cell analysis, with parallel assessment of antibody isotypes an experimental model. Our approach identified T-bet+ cells binding...
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Detailed understanding of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, cause disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been hampered by a lack quantitative antibody assays. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective was develop assay for IgG SARS-CoV-2 proteins that could be implemented in clinical and research laboratories. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> biotin-streptavidin...
ABSTRACT The long-term physiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2, termed Post-Acute Sequelae COVID-19 (PASC), are rapidly evolving into a major public health concern. underlying cellular and molecular etiology remain poorly defined but growing evidence links PASC to abnormal immune responses and/or poor organ recovery post-infection. Yet, the precise mechanisms driving non-resolving inflammation impaired tissue repair in context unclear. With insights from three independent clinical cohorts...
Little is known about T cells that respond to human rhinovirus in vivo, due timing of infection, viral diversity, and complex T-cell specificities. We tracked circulating CD4+ with identical epitope specificities responded intranasal challenge (RV)-A39, we assessed signatures the nose. Cells were monitored using a mixture 2 capsid-specific major histocompatibility II tetramers over 7-week period, before after RV-A39 challenge, 16 leukocyte antigen-DR4+ subjects who participated trial...
The variable etiology of persistent breathlessness after COVID-19 have confounded efforts to decipher the immunopathology lung sequelae. Here, we analyzed hundreds cellular and molecular features in context discrete pulmonary phenotypes define systemic immune landscape post-COVID disease. Cluster analysis physiology measures highlighted two restrictive disease that differed by their impaired diffusion severity fibrosis. Machine learning revealed marked CCR5+CD95+ CD8+ T-cell perturbations...
Severe asthma in children is notoriously difficult to treat, and its immunopathogenesis complex. In particular, the contribution of T cells relationships anti-viral immunity, remain enigmatic. Here, we coupled deep phenotyping with machine learning methods resolve dynamics diseased lower airways, examined rhinovirus (RV) as a driver. Our strategy revealed T-cell landscape dominated by type 1 17 CD8+ signatures. Interrogation phenotypic trajectory mapping identified migratory differentiation...
Abstract For an emerging disease like COVID-19, systems immunology tools may quickly identify and quantitatively characterize cells associated with progression or clinical response. With repeated sampling, immune monitoring creates a real-time portrait of the reacting to novel virus before specific knowledge are established. However, single cell analysis can struggle reveal rare that under 0.1% population. Here, machine learning workflow Tracking Responders Expanding (T-REX) was created...