Septins are conserved GTP-binding proteins that assemble into lateral diffusion barriers and molecular scaffolds. Vertebrate genomes contain 9-17 septin genes encode both ubiquitous tissue-specific septins. Expressed septins may in various combinations through heterotypic homotypic G-domain interactions. However, little is known regarding assembly states of mammalian mechanisms directing ordered individual heteromeric units, which the focus this study. Our analysis system cells lacking or...

Abstract Many Gram-negative bacterial species release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that interact with the host by delivering virulence factors. Here, we report for first time RNA is among wide variety of components are associated OMVs. To characterize profiles OMVs, performed deep sequencing analysis using OMV samples isolated from a wild type Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strain. The results showed RNAs originating intergenic regions were most abundant. Our findings reveal hitherto...

The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a macromolecular protein complex found in Gram-negative bacteria that mediates intercellular antagonism and gut Bacteroidales use this to increase their competitiveness. Furthermore, T6SS recognized colonization factor influences biodiversity. T6SSs are divergent from well-characterized Pseudomonadota counterparts. One conserved feature many the presence of multiple Hcp proteins with low sequence similarity, encoded within system's locus adjacent...

Alzheimer's disease is linked to a pathological polymerization of the endogenous amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) that ultimately forms plaques within human brain. We used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measure kinetic properties Aβ fibril formation under different conditions during process. For all processes, critical concentration free monomers, as defined by dissociation equilibrium constant (KD), required for buildup polymer, example, fibrils. At concentrations below KD, cannot occur. However, KD...

Significance Here, we show that FilP, a bacterial cytoskeletal protein related to metazoan intermediate filament (IF) proteins, can self-assemble into regular network structure. This finding offers possible explanation for its previously characterized role in cellular rigidity and elasticity might offer insights the mechanical of human IFs. The assembly FilP cytoskeleton is coupled function polarisome, complex orchestrating polar growth characteristic Streptomyces . These results suggest...

Abstract Amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of ATTR fibrils in multiple organs. However, structure from eye poorly understood. Here, we used cryo-EM to structurally characterize vitreous body fibrils. These structures were distinct previously heart fibrils, even though both have same mutation and type A pathology. Differences observed at several structural levels: number arrangement protofilaments, conformation protein fibril each layer...

The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) family contains an evolutionary conserved domain that links the in Gram-negative bacteria to semi-rigid peptidoglycan (PG) layer. clinically significant pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa carries several OmpA proteins (OprF, OprL, PA0833, and PA1048) share PG-binding domain. These are important for cell morphology, stability, biofilm vesicle (OMV) formation. In addition other OmpAs, silico analysis revealed putative (OMP) with gene locus PA1041 is a...

In the presence of GTP, purified dimers α- and β-tubulin will interact longitudinally laterally to self-assemble into microtubules (MTs). This property provides a powerful in vitro experimental system describe MT dynamic behavior at micrometer scale study effects functioning large variety microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). Despite plethora such data produced, molecular mechanisms assembly remain disputed. Electron microscopy (EM) studies suggested that tubulin form short oligomers which...

Microtubules (MTs) exhibit dynamic instability, alternating between phases of growth and shortening, mostly at their uncapped plus ends. Based on results from cryo-electron microscopy it was proposed that growing MTs display mainly curved sheets blunt ends; during depolymerisation curled ‘ramshorns’ predominate. Observations in mitotic cells have suggested the situation vivo differs vitro, but so far, a clear comparison vitro has not been possible because MT end structures could be...

Low pH has a strong stabilising effect on the fibrillar assembly of amyloid β, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease. The already pronounced at 6.0, suggesting that protonation histidines might mediate this effect. Through systematic substitution three native in Aβ for alanines, we have evaluated their role fibril stability. Using surface plasmon resonance, show neutral forms all His‐Ala variants are destabilised by factor 4–12 compared to wild‐type Aβ. However, none impair low .

ABSTRACT Histones are conserved nuclear proteins that function as part of the nucleosome in regulation chromatin structure and gene expression. Interestingly, extracellular histones populate biofluids from healthy individuals, when elevated, may contribute to various acute chronic diseases. It is generally assumed most exist nucleosomes, components chromatin. We analysed cell culture models under normal stressed conditions identify pathways histone secretion. report core linker localize...

Neutrophils and extracellular traps examined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

Changes in cell morphology require coordination of plasma membrane turnover and cytoskeleton dynamics, processes that are regulated by Rho GTPases. Here, we describe how a direct interaction between the GTPase Cdc42 activating protein (GAP) GRAF1, facilitate rapid surface at leading edge. Both GRAF1 were required for fluid phase uptake generation transient GRAF1-coated endocytic carriers, distinct from clathrin coated vesicles. was found to transiently assemble discrete Cdc42-enriched...

ABSTRACT Histones are conserved nuclear proteins that function as part of the nucleosome in regulation chromatin structure and gene expression. Interestingly, extracellular histones populate biofluids from healthy individuals when elevated may contribute to various acute chronic diseases. It is generally assumed most exist nucleosomes, components chromatin. We analysed cell culture models under normal stressed conditions identify pathways histone secretion. report core linker localize...

The enteric species F human adenovirus types 40 and 41 (HAdV-40 -41) are the third most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis in world. Knowledge about HAdV-40 -41 cellular infection is assumed to be fundamentally different from that other HAdVs since penton bases lack αV-integrin-interacting RGD motif. This motif used by mainly for internalization endosomal escape. We hypothesised interact with integrins independently HAdV-41 transduction a library rodent cells expressing specific...

Haemophilus influenzae is a Gram-negative human pathogen that resides in the upper respiratory tract. Encapsulated H. type b (Hib) and f (Hif) are most common serotypes associated with invasive disease. displays various strategies to circumvent host innate immune response, including bactericidal effect of complement system. In this study, we identified an lipoprotein having ability bind factor H (FH), major regulator alternative pathway activation. This protein, named protein (PH), was...

With the growing challenges of bacteria becoming resistant to conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) may offer a potential alternative. One most studied AMPs, human cathelicidin derived AMP LL-37 is notable for its activity even though mechanism action not fully understood yet. This work investigates interaction with 1-Palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (POPG) vesicles, which were employed as bacterial membrane model given common presence this...

Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent human pathogen and major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. In humans, C. colonizes intestinal tract its tolerance to bile crucial for bacteria survive establish infection. produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which have been suggested be involved virulence. this study, proteome composition OMVs response low concentration was investigated. We showed that exposure concentrations bile, similar cecum, induced significant changes protein...

We study composites of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in an ionomer matrix poly(ethylene-stat-sodium acrylate) and find that direct cellulose/cellulose interactions the composite are not a requirement for achieving reinforcement. While isotropic only show slightly enhanced stiffness compared to neat ionomer, more substantial increase Young's modulus by factor up 5 is achieved uniaxial alignment through melt spinning. The orientation CNC melt-spun reduces probability interactions, which...

Pathogens causing pneumonia utilize the complement regulator vitronectin to evade complement-mediated killing. Although is associated with several chronic lung diseases, role of bronchoalveolar in has not been studied. This study sought reveal involvement space during pneumonia, assess effect outer membrane vesicles and endotoxin on release, determine whether bacterial pathogens pulmonary for evasion. Vitronectin was analyzed cell-free lavage fluid harvested from patients (n = 8) healthy...