Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by selective death of motor neurons leading to spasticity, muscle wasting and paralysis. Human VAMP-associated protein B (hVAPB) is the causative gene a clinically diverse group MNDs including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), atypical ALS late-onset spinal muscular atrophy. The pathogenic mutation inherited in dominant manner. Drosophila 33 kDa A (DVAP-33A) structural homologue hVAPB regulates synaptic...

Abstract Full length cDNAs encoding two acetylcholinesterases (AChEs; Bgace1 and Bgace2 ) were cloned characterized from the German cockroach, Blattella germanica . Sequence analyses showed that both genes possess all typical features of ace , is orthologous to insect ace1 whereas ace2 Transcript level was significantly higher ( c 10 fold) than in 11 tissues examined, suggesting likely encodes a predominant AChE. Multiple AChE bands identified by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis...

The pinewood nematode genome encodes at least three distinct acetylcholinesterases (AChEs). To understand physiological roles of the AChEs (BxACE-1, BxACE-2, and BxACE-3), BxACE-3 in particular, their tissue distribution inhibition profiles were investigated. Immunohistochemistry revealed that BxACE-1 BxACE-2 distributed neuronal tissues. In contrast, was detected from some specific tissues extracted without aid detergent, suggesting its soluble nature unlike BxACE-2. When present together,...

Objectives: The immune-enhancing properties of steamed mature silkworm, known as HongJam (HJ), were investigated using human interleukin-2-independent Natural Killer 92 (NK92-MI) cells and a cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection-induced immunosuppressed mice model (CPA-IP). White Jade variety silkworm HJ (WJ-HJ) was used to prepare WJ-HJ supercritical fluid extracts (WJ-SCE) WJ-HJ-supplemented feeds. Results: Treatment with WJ-SCE significantly enhanced proliferation, migration,...

Metabolic disorders encompass various dysregulations, such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, central obesity, atherogenic hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Dyslipidemia refers to elevated levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein triglycerides, along with decreased high-density cholesterol in the blood. is closely associated which one important risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In this study, an apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE−/−) mouse model was utilized investigate...

Methylglyoxal (MG), a physiological &#102 -dicarbonyl compound is derived from glycolytic intermediates and produced during the Maillard reaction. The reaction, non-enzymatic reaction of ketones aldehydes with amino group proteins, contributes to aging proteins complications associated diabetes. In our previous studies (Che, et al. (1997) "Selective induction heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like factor by MG 3-deoxyglucosone in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. involvement reactive...

The glycation reaction (Maillard reaction) plays a major role in diabetic complications, since some intermediates are responsible for the modification and cross-linking of long-lived proteins, resulting, turn, deterioration normal cell function. include methylglyoxal (MG) 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), both which cytotoxic dicarbonyl compounds elevated during hyperglycemia. Aldehyde reductase (ALR) catalyzes reduction compounds. To examine intracellular ALR complications neural cells, its gene was...

Collagen has the advantage of being very similar to macromolecular substances that can be recognized and metabolized in biological environment. Although natural material superior property for this purpose, its use fabricate reproducible pore-structure-controlled 3D structures, which are designed allow entry sufficient cells easy diffusion nutrients, been limited due low processability. Here, we propose a hybrid technology combines cryogenic plotting system with an electrospinning process....

Summary Loop‐mediated isothermal amplification ( LAMP ) detection tools have great potential for diagnosing the causal agents of infectious diseases in clinics and agriculture. In this work, we developed two alternative protocols detecting pathogenic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , agent pine wilt disease. We first identified a pectate lyase 3 gene as biomarker developing Detection Kit, there was no homologue non‐pathogenic nematodes that live timber or bark show structural...

According to a few studies, α-synuclein (αSyn) propagation has been suggested play key role in the pathomechanism of Parkinson's disease (PD), but neurodegeneration and involvement inflammation its pathologic progression are not well understood with regard temporal relationship. In this study, help PD mouse model injected intrastriatal αSyn preformed fibril (PFF), evolution propagation, inflammation, was explored perspective striatum whole brain. PFF-injected striatum, inflammatory response...

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is an invasive and economically damaging pest in Europe North America. The females have a serrated ovipositor that enables them to infest almost all ripening small fruits. To understand the physiological metabolic basis of spotted drosophila food preferences for healthy fruits, we investigated biological biochemical characteristics compared with those melanogaster Meigen. We found susceptibility oxidative stressors was significantly...

Abstract We previously demonstrated that kainic acid (KA)‐mediated mitochondrial oxidative stress contributed to hippocampal degeneration and ginsenosides attenuated KA‐induced neurotoxicity neuronal degeneration. Here, we examined whether affected dysfunction in the rat hippocampus. Treatment with convulsive behavior dose‐dependently. KA treatment increased lipid peroxidation protein oxidation decreased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio a greater degree fraction than...

Two acetylcholinesterases (AChEs; BgAChE1 and BgAChE2) from Blattella germanica were functionally expressed using the baculovirus system. Kinetic analysis demonstrated that BgAChE2 had higher catalytic efficiency but lower substrate specificity than BgAChE1. With exceptions of paraoxon propoxur, was generally less sensitive to inhibitors BgAChE2. Western blot anti-BgAChE antibodies revealed far more abundant in all examined tissues compared BgAChE2, which is only present central nervous Both...

It has generally been proven that histone acetylation and deacetylation are involved in the malignant transformation. To date, however, this rarely studied cases of lymphoma.We nine reactive lymphoid hyperplasia, 78 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 13 peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), extranodal NK/T-cell nasal type (NKTCL). Thus, we attempted to elucidate associations degree expression acetyltransferase 1 (HAT1), deacetylase (HDAC) 1, HDAC2, HDAC3 with...

Abstract Pinus densiflora (Korean red pine) is a species of evergreen conifer that distributed in Korea, Japan, and China, economic, scientific, ecological importance. Korean pines suffer from pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , the pinewood nematode (PWN). To facilitate diagnosis prevention PWD, studies have been conducted on PWN its beetle vectors. However, transcriptional responses P. to received less attention. Here, we inoculated with pathogenic B. or...