Interactions between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae involve the recognition of cellular components exchange complex molecular signals from both partners. How these interactions occur in cells is still elusive. We employed robust-long serial analysis gene expression, massively parallel signature sequencing, sequencing by synthesis to examine transcriptome profiles infected leaves. A total 6,413 planta–expressed fungal genes, including 851 genes encoding predicted effector proteins, were...

Abstract Background Fungal plant pathogens cause serious agricultural losses worldwide. Alternaria arborescens is a major pathogen of tomato, with its virulence determined by the presence conditionally dispensable chromosome (CDC) carrying host-specific toxin genes. Genes encoding these toxins are well-studied, however genomic content and organization CDC not known. Results To gain richer understanding molecular determinants evolution pathogenicity, we performed whole genome sequencing A. ....

Abstract Background The dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum causes respiratory and systemic disease in mammalian hosts by expression of factors that enable survival within phagocytic cells the immune system. ’s dimorphism is distinguished growth either as avirulent mycelia or pathogenic yeast. Geographically distinct strains differ their relative virulence production requirement for specific factors. close similarity genome sequences these diverse suggests phenotypic variations result...

Significant progress has been made in defining the central signaling networks many organisms, but collectively we know little about downstream targets of these and genes they regulate. To reconstruct regulatory circuit calcineurin signal transduction via MoCRZ1, a Magnaporthe oryzae C2H2 transcription factor activated by dephosphorylation, used combined approach chromatin immunoprecipitation - chip (ChIP-chip), coupled with microarray expression studies. One hundred forty were identified as...

Abstract Background Rice blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is an important disease in virtually every rice growing region of world, which leads to significant annual decreases grain quality and yield. To prevent disease, resistance genes have been cloned introduced into susceptible cultivars. However, can often be broken within few years release, due mutation cognate avirulence fungal field populations. Results better understand pattern M. isolates under natural selection forces,...

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causes dollar spot disease, the predominate disease on highly-maintained turfgrass. Currently, there are major gaps in our understanding of molecular interactions between S. and creeping bentgrass. In this study, 454 sequencing technology was used de novo assembly bentgrass transcriptomes. Transcript sequence data obtained using Illumina's first generation sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) were mapped to transcriptome assemblies estimate transcript representation...

The extraction and analysis of plant phenotypic characteristics are critical issues for many precision agriculture applications. An improved YOLOv5 model was proposed in this study accurate node detection internode length estimation crops by using an end-to-end approach. In YOLOv5, a feature module added front each head, the bounding box loss function used original network replaced SIoU function. results experiments on three different (chili, eggplant, tomato) showed that reached 90.5% AP...

Abstract We present DNAscope, an accurate and efficient germline small-variant caller. DNAscope combines the robust well-established preprocessing assembly mathematics of GATK’s HaplotypeCaller with a machine-learned genotyping model. Benchmarks DNAseq (Sentieon’s GATK-matching variant calling pipeline) demonstrate that achieves superior SNP insertion/deletion accuracy reduced computational cost.

The leading-edge CRISPR/CRISPR-associated technology is revolutionizing biotechnologies through genome editing. To track on/off-target events with emerging new editing techniques, improved bioinformatic tools are indispensable. Existing suffer from limitations in speed and scalability, especially whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data analysis. address these limitations, we have developed a comprehensive tool called CRISPR-detector, web-based locally deployable pipeline for sequence core...

Precast prestressed hollow core slabs (PPHCSs) are widely used in the construction of multistory cross-wall structures, but floors vulnerable to progressive collapse induced by unexpected loadings due weak links between PPHCSs. Despite this fact, limited studies have been carried out on resistance In study, quasi-static tests were conducted evaluate The test parameters types connectors [i.e., single rebar connector (S1), double (S2), partially debonded (S3), kinked (S4), and partial hinge...

Abstract It has been previously reported that a combination pair of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) T11(2)+T11(3) induces strong proliferation T cells, which does not require the involvement accessory cells and exogenous interleukin 2 (IL-2). More recently, we have shown requirement for optimal cell depends on pairs mAb used. Among them, anti-GT2+T11(1) do allow TA4 helper cloned due, at least in part, to low level IL-2 production. This observation offered us opportunity study effect...

Abstract Liquid biopsy enables identification of low allele frequency (AF) tumor variants and novel clinical applications such as minimum residual disease (MRD) monitoring. However, challenges remain, primarily due to limited sample volume read count low-AF variants. Because the AFs, some clinically significant are difficult distinguish from errors introduced by PCR amplification sequencing. Unique Molecular Identifiers (UMIs) have been developed further reduce base error rates improve...

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa causes dollar spot disease, the predominate disease on highly-maintained turfgrass.Currently, there are major gaps in our understanding of molecular interactions between S. and creeping bentgrass.In this study, 454 sequencing technology was used de novo assembly bentgrass transcriptomes.Transcript sequence data obtained using Illumina's first generation sequencing-by-synthesis (SBS) were mapped to transcriptome assemblies estimate transcript representation different...

Computed tomography (CT) is widely applied in contemporary clinic. Due to the radiation risks carried by X-rays, imaging and post-processing methods of low-dose CT (LDCT) become popular topics academia industrial community. Generally, LDCT presents strong noise artifacts, while existing algorithms cannot completely overcome blurring effects meantime reduce noise. The proposed method enables extend independent frequency channels wavelet transformation, then two separate networks are...

Abstract Sequencing clinical liquid biopsy, especially circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), provides a valuable method for identifying low allele frequency variants, opening novel applications, particularly in treatment selection late-stage cancer patients. Despite advancements, challenges assay development persist, primarily due to limited sample volumes and insufficiency of reads supporting variants. The frequencies clinically significant variants often hover close the threshold errors...

Transcription factors (TFs) are the core sentinels of gene regulation functioning by binding to highly specific DNA sequences activate or repress recruitment RNA polymerase. The ability identify transcription factor sites (TFBSs) is necessary understand and infer regulatory networks. Despite fact that bioinformatics tools have been developed for years improve computational identification TFBSs, accurate prediction still remains changeling as motifs recognized TFs typically short often lack...

The Tangshan earthquake has passed for more than 40 years, but the painful memories still remain in heart of people, while staying ruins that best reflect current status earthquake-National Library Protection Works "Library Seismic Site" Xinhua Road Campus, North China University Science and Technology.In order to bear heavy pains through curriculum design Technology, an "earthquake-relic site visitor center" was planned.The author conducted preliminary investigations on Earthquake Relics...

Our research mainly studies the maritime spatial wave transmission system. We have used empirical formula of predecessors to classify electromagnetic losses into four categories: free space loss, ionospheric absorption sea surface reflection loss and additional loss. also model distribution atmospheric noise problem reachable frequency band at receiving point. Finally, under actual situation, considering factors such as noise, minimum required signal-to-noise ratio, incident elevation angle,...

Abstract The leading edge of genome editing, driven by CRISPR/Cas technology, is revolutionizing biotechnologies. In pace with the burst novel editing methods, bioinformatic tools to monitor on/off-target events need be more evolved as well. Existing suffer from limitations in speed and scalability, they especially struggle whole sequencing (WGS) data analysis which has potential detect off-target mutations at a genome-wide level via an unbiased manner. Here, we introduce our CRISPR-detector...