Avian coccidiosis is one of the major parasitic diseases in poultry industry. The infection caused by Eimeria species, and its treatment relies mainly on administration anticoccidial drugs, which can result drug resistance side effects. recent trends avian directed to development a new therapy using herbal compounds. S-Methylcysteine (SMC) considered organosulfur compounds garlic that showed promising activity different pathological conditions via wide range anti-inflammatory antioxidant...

A series of 73 bisphosphonium salts and 10 monophosphonium salt derivatives were synthesized tested in vitro against several wild type resistant lines Trypanosoma brucei (T. b. rhodesiense STIB900, T. strain 427, TbAT1-KO, TbB48). More than half the compounds showed a submicromolar EC50 these parasites. The did not display any cross-resistance to existing diamidine therapies, such as pentamidine. In most cases, displayed good selectivity index versus human cell lines. None known drug...

Summary The T rypanosoma brucei aminopurine transporter P 2/ TbAT 1 has long been implicated in the transport of, and resistance to, diamidine melaminophenyl arsenical classes of drugs that form backbone pharmacopoeia against African trypanosomiasis. Genetic alterations including deletions single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) have observed numerous strains clinical isolates. Here, we systematically investigate each reported mutation assess their effects on function after expression a...

Lipophilic bisphosphonium salts are among the most promising antiprotozoal leads currently under investigation. As part of their preclinical evaluation we here report on mode action against African trypanosomes, etiological agents sleeping sickness. The compounds CD38 and AHI-9 exhibited rapid inhibition Trypanosoma brucei growth, apparently result cell cycle arrest that blocked replication mitochondrial DNA, contained in kinetoplast, thereby preventing initiation S-phase. Incubation with...

ABSTRACT Leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis are parasitic diseases that closely linked to poverty, pose significant local burdens, common in tropical subtropical regions. Various synthetic tetralone derivatives were studied as potential scaffolds for antileishmanial antitrypanosomal activities. The compounds their effectiveness against multiple kinetoplastid protozoan pathogens: Leishmania major , mexicana, bloodstream trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei . Two different strains T. b. used....

To investigate the anti-kinetoplastid activity of choline-derived analogues with previously reported antimalarial efficacy. From an existing choline analogue library, seven compounds, representative first-, second- and third-generation developed, were assessed for against Trypanosoma Leishmania spp. Using a variety techniques, effects exposure on parasites documented preliminary investigation their mode action was performed. The activities compounds brucei mexicana determined. displayed...

Details about the epidemiological patterns and real contributions of different reservoir animals in maintaining transmission cycle Cryptosporidium spp. Upper Egypt remain lacking. This study was designed to investigate occurrence cattle buffalo (n = 608) from Egypt. The parasite for resulting positive samples by fecal examination molecularly identified using nested PCR targeting small subunit rRNA. Moreover, several explanatory variables, including animals' age, sex, condition, seasonal...

We have previously reported that curcumin analogs with a C₇ linker bearing C₄-C₅ olefinic single keto group at C3 (enone linker) display midnanomolar activity against the bloodstream form of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>. However, no clear indication their mechanism action or superior antiparasitic relative to original di-ketone was apparent. To further investigate utility as agents, we compare cellular effects and enone lead compound...

Avian coccidiosis remains one of the major parasitic diseases that threaten global poultry industry. Since prevention is superior to treatment, this study focuses on eliminating infection outside host. To determine their effect viability Eimeria tenella oocysts in vitro, allicin and alcoholic garlic extract, which are natural, less toxic, inexpensive products, were compared KOH 5% (chemical disinfectant) using an vitro culture system. Three concentrations (45, 90, 180 mg/mL) extract (90,...

ABSTRACT The human and veterinary disease complex known as African trypanosomiasis continues to inflict significant global morbidity, mortality, economic hardship. Drug resistance toxic side effects of old drugs call for novel unorthodox strategies new safe treatment options. We designed methyltriazenyl purine prodrugs be rapidly selectively internalized by the parasite, after which they disintegrate into a nontoxic naturally occurring nucleobase, simple triazene-stabilizing group, active...

Phytochemical study of the ethanolic extract Scrophularia syriaca Benth.was attained by chromatographic and spectroscopic procedures, which resulted in isolation eight compounds; 6-O-α-Lrhamnopyranosylcatalpol (1), scropolioside B (2), gmelinoside-L (3), 8-acetyl harpagide (4), D (5), D2 (6), quercetin (7) kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (8).Their antiprotozoal activity was evaluated against Trypanosoma brucei (s427-WT), (TbAT1-B48), Leishmania major mexicana.Compounds 2, 5, 7 8 exhibited mild to...

Background: Cystic echinococcosis, which is triggered by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus, a global zoonotic disease that common in rural regions there are frequent encounters between dogs and other domestic animals. The can have devastating consequences, impacting health of people animals leading to huge financial losses, especially agricultural industry. In Kingdom Saudi Arabia (KSA) Egypt, despite high incidence disease, few investigations been conducted into genetic variation species...

Introduction Avian coccidiosis presents a significant challenge to the poultry industry in Egypt, highlighting urgent need for validating new drug targets offering promising prospects development of advanced anticoccidials. Although numerous reports highlight activity lactoferrin (LF) against various microorganisms, its potential Eimeria has not been explored. The present study evaluated anticoccidial effect LF and diclazuril broiler chickens experimentally infected with tenella . Methods A...

Objectives: Alveolar echinococcosis is caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, a parasite of zoo¬notic significance with wide range intermediate and final hosts, the survives suc¬cessfully in diversified conditions. Plentiful studies have been done to study genetic structure population level intimate kinship using mitochondrial (mt) DNA. The present was conducted investigate structure, variation, phylogenetic relationship various isolates E. multiocularis submitted GenBank worldwide....

In previous studies, we have shown that phosphonium salt diphenyl derivatives are attractive antitrypanosomal hit compounds with EC50 values against Trypanosoma brucei in the nanomolar range. To evaluate role of cationic center on trypanocidal activity and extend structure–activity relationship (SAR) this series, trialkylammonium, pyridinium, quinolinium analogues were synthesized evaluated vitro T. b. brucei. Similar SARs observed ammonium salts showing charge dispersion lipophilic groups...

Background. Benzoxazole derivatives have different biological activities. In pursuit of designing novel chemical entities with antiprotozoal and antimicrobial activities, benzoxazolyl aniline was utilized as a privileged scaffold series (3-benzoxazole-2-yl) phenylamine derivatives, 3-benzoxazoloyl acetamide, butyramide derivatives. Methods. These analogs were synthesized in straightforward simple chemistry without any quantitative chromatographic separations reasonable yields. The evaluation...

Purpose: To synthesize new triazole derivatives in order to overcome the problem of side effects antimicrobial agents and microbial resistance, while broadening spectrum activity.&#x0D; Methods: The starting triazole, compound 1, was prepared through click chemistry reacted with chloroacetyl chloride yield II. Triazole 1 acids aldehydes produce oxadiazole (III) azomethine (IV) which cyclized acetic anhydride give a acetylated (V). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) resorufin assays were...

Purpose: To synthesize new antimicrobial azo-pyrazolone derivatives III &amp; IV and evaluate their activities using a combination of in vitro molecular docking studies.Methods: Azopyrazolone compounds were prepared from the reaction substituted aniline diazonium with ethyl acetoacetate to give azoxobutyric acid (II) which then reacted phenyl hydrazine or hydrate. The pyrazolone (IV) acetylated glacial acetic yield pyrazolones (V). An agar dilution method was used demonstrate minimum...

Current medication therapy for leishmaniasis and trypanosomiasis remains a major challenge due to its limited efficacy, significant adverse effects, inaccessibility. Consequently, locating affordable effective medications is pressing concern. Because of their easy-to-understand structure high functionalization potential, chalcones are promising candidates use as bioactive agents. Thirteen synthetic ligustrazine-containing were evaluated ability inhibit the growth in etiologic The...

Toxoplasmosis continues to be a prevalent parasitic zoonosis with global distribution. This disease is caused by an intracellular parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii , and the development of effective novel drug targets combat it imperative. There limited information available on potential advantages wheat germ oil (WGO) propolis, both individually in combination, against acute phase toxoplasmosis. In this study, toxoplasmosis was induced Swiss albino mice, followed treatment infected...