A5057471281- Microtubule and mitosis dynamics
- Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- RNA Research and Splicing
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Cellular transport and secretion
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- RNA modifications and cancer
- Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
- Nuclear Structure and Function
- Pluripotent Stem Cells Research
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Animal Genetics and Reproduction
- Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Gene expression and cancer classification
- Biotechnology and Related Fields
- Virus-based gene therapy research
- RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
United States Agency for International Development
2015-2025
Harvard University
2010-2021
Gates Foundation
2021
TB Alliance
2010-2016
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2016
Rockefeller University
2002-2006
Rockefeller University Press
2006
University of San Francisco
1997-2000
Biotex (United States)
1997-1998
University of California, San Francisco
1993-1996
BackgroundPyrazinamide and fluoroquinolones are essential antituberculosis drugs in new rifampicin-sparing regimens. However, little information about the extent of resistance to these at population level is available.MethodsIn a molecular epidemiology analysis, we used population-based surveys from Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, South Africa investigate pyrazinamide among patients with tuberculosis. Resistance was assessed by gene sequencing detection resistance-conferring...
In many countries, regular monitoring of the emergence resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs is hampered by limitations phenotypic testing for drug susceptibility. We therefore evaluated use genetic sequencing surveillance in tuberculosis.Population-level surveys were done hospitals and clinics seven countries (Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, Ukraine) evaluate estimate Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates rifampicin, isoniazid, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin,...
Background Tuberculosis (TB) control is considered primarily a public health concern, and private sector TB treatment has attracted less attention. Thus, the size characteristics of drug sales remain largely unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings We used IMS Health data to analyze consumption in 10 high burden countries (HBCs), after first mapping how well coverage overlapped with markets. defined markets as any channels not or influenced by national programs. Private four – Pakistan,...
Health-
The spindle assembly checkpoint is the mechanism or set of mechanisms that prevents cells with defects in chromosome alignment from passing through mitosis. We have investigated effects mini-chromosomes on this budding yeast by performing pedigree analysis. This method allowed us to observe frequency and duration cell cycle delays individual cells. Short, centromeric linear mini-chromosomes, which a low fidelity segregation, cause frequent Their circular counterparts longer segregate more...
Private providers (PPs), rather than public facilities, are often the first point of contact in health system for people with tuberculosis (TB). However, PP's potential enhancing TB detection remains underutilized. REACH is an initiative Stop Partnership focused on improving and notification. We analyzed results interventions using private provider engagement (PPE) to impact notification across four funding waves from May 2018 through March 2022. Overall, 35 projects documented screening...
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted health systems and programs across the world. For tuberculosis (TB), it is predicted to set back progress by at least twelve years. Public private mix (PPM)has made a vital contribution reach End TB targets with ten-fold rise in notifications from providers between 2012 2019. This due large part efforts of intermediary agencies, which aggregate demand providers. put these gains risk over past year. In this rapid assessment, representatives 15 agencies seven...
Despite improvements in treatment success rates for tuberculosis (TB), current six-month regimen duration remains a challenge many National TB Programmes, health systems, and patients. There is increasing investment the development of shortened regimens with number candidates phase 3 trials. We developed an individual-based decision analytic model to assess cost-effectiveness hypothetical four-month first-line TB, assuming non-inferiority duration. The was populated using extensive,...
To estimate the costs incurred by patients during intensive and continuation phases of current 6-month tuberculosis (TB) regimen in Bangladesh Tanzania, thus identify potential benefits to a shorter, 4-month treatment regimen.The validated Stop TB patient cost questionnaire was adapted used interviews with 190 phase regimens.In both countries, overall were lower 2 months (US$74 Tanzania US$56 Bangladesh) than (US$150 US$111, respectively). However, still represented 89% 77% 2-month average...
Abstract Existing high-priority target product profiles (TPPs) of the World Health Organization (WHO) establish important needs for tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic development. Building on this earlier work, guidance series aims to provide study performing accuracy studies novel products that may meet 4 WHO TPPs and thus enable adequate evidence generation inform a review process. Diagnostic represent fundamental step in validation all tests. Unfortunately, such often have limitations design,...
Tests that can replace sputum smear microscopy have been identified as a top priority diagnostic need for tuberculosis by the World Health Organization. High-quality evidence on accuracy tests may meet this is an essential requirement to inform decisions about policy and scale-up. However, test studies are often of low inconsistent quality poorly reported, leading uncertainty true performance. Here we provide guidance design smear-replacement tests. Such should cross-sectional or cohort...
Finding the missing 4 million tuberculosis (TB) patients is one of greatest challenges facing TB community. The optimal approaches to this will vary by country, but there no consistent process for analyzing potential benefit different strategies, or deciding which are most appropriate a given setting. Here, I bring together Onion Model-as way think through health system structures-and evidence from prevalence surveys. result structured prioritizing strategies case finding. Outcomes widely...
Background A 4-month first-line treatment regimen for tuberculosis disease (TB) is expected to have a direct impact on patient outcomes and societal costs, as well an indirect Mycobacterium transmission. We aimed estimate this combined in high TB-burden country: South Africa. Method An individual based M. tb transmission model was fitted the TB burden of Africa using standard natural history framework. measured from 2015–2035 introduction non-inferior replacing 6-month therapy. Impact with...
Is transdifferentiation in trouble?Spectacular examples of transdifferentiation-such as brain cells turning to blood and brain-have given way sneaking suspicions about artifacts culture, fusion, clonality.Could cell fates be relatively fixed after all?
We present a 3D extension and validation of an intra-operative registration framework that accommodates tissue resection. The is based on the bijective Demons method, but instead regularizing with traditional Gaussian smoother, we apply anisotropic diffusion filter resection modeled as sink. sink prevents unwanted Demon forces originates from resected area diffusing into surrounding area. Another attractive property resulting continuous deformation field across boundary, which allows us to...
To measure the economic impacts of longer pre-XDR-TB treatment regimen and shorter BEAT-TB India regimen.In current study, 18-month 6-9 month were evaluated using an model via a decision tree analysis from societal perspective. The incremental costs quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained introduction for patients estimated.For cohort 1000 patients, we found that yielded higher undiscounted (40,548 vs. 21,009) more QALYs (27,633 15,812) than regimen. was to be cost-saving, with cost USD...