Abstract Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), a common cause of healthcare-associated infections, are caused by diverse array pathogens that increasingly becoming antibiotic resistant. We analyze the microbial occurrences in catheter and urine samples from 55 human long-term catheterized patients collected over one year. Although most these were prescribed antibiotics several collection periods, their remain colonized or more bacterial species. Examination total 366...

Binding to host fibrinogen is a critical event in Enterococcus faecalis pathogenesis catheter-associated urinary tract infections mice.

Significance Staphylococcus aureus is a cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). S. CAUTIs are problematic because they usually caused by antibiotic-resistant strains, and patients who develop these have high risk developing serious complications. Catheterization in humans mice causes damage the bladder that results release host protein fibrinogen (Fg). This study suggests exploits presence Fg via interactions mediated Fg-binding ClfB to facilitate colonization...

Urinary catheters are common medical devices, whose main function is to drain the bladder. Although they improve patients’ quality of life, catheter placement predisposes patient develop a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The used by pathogens as platform for colonization and biofilm formation, leading bacteriuria increasing risk developing secondary bloodstream infections. In an effort prevent microbial colonization, several modifications have been made ranging from...

The antimicrobial triclosan is used in a wide range of consumer products ranging from toothpaste, cleansers, socks, and baby toys. A bacteriostatic inhibitor fatty acid synthesis, extremely stable accumulates the environment. Approximately 75% adults United States have detectable levels compound their urine, with sizeable fraction individuals (>10%) having urine concentrations equal to or greater than minimal inhibitory concentration for

Microbial adhesion to medical devices is common for hospital-acquired infections, particularly urinary catheters. If not properly treated these infections cause complications and exacerbate antimicrobial resistance. Catheter use elicits bladder inflammation, releasing host serum proteins, including fibrinogen (Fg), into the bladder, which deposit on catheter.

An analysis of the molecular diversity N(2) fixers and denitrifiers associated with mangrove roots was performed using terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) nifH (N(2) fixation) nirS nirK (denitrification), compositions structures these communities among three sites were compared. The number operational taxonomic units (OTU) for higher than that or at all sites. Site 3, which had highest organic matter sand content in rhizosphere sediment, as well lowest pore water oxygen...

Catheter associated urinary tract infections account for approximately 40% of all hospital acquired worldwide with more than 1 million cases diagnosed annually. Recent data from a catheter infection animal model has shown that inflammation induced by catheterization releases host fibrinogen, which accumulates on the catheter. Further, Enterococcus faecalis colonization was found to depend EbpA (endocarditis and biofilm-associated pilus), fibrinogen binding adhesin. We evaluated this...

Enterococci commonly cause hospital-acquired infections, such as infective endocarditis and catheter-associated urinary tract infections. In animal models of these a long hairlike extracellular protein fiber known the endocarditis- biofilm-associated (Ebp) pilus is an important virulence factor for Enterococcus faecalis. For Ebp other sortase-assembled pili, pilus-associated sortases are essential formation they create covalent isopeptide bonds between sortase recognition motif pilin-like...

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient that not readily available to pathogens during infection due active host defense mechanism known as nutritional immunity. To overcome this nutrient restriction, bacteria utilize high-affinity transporters allow them compete with metal-binding proteins. Despite the established role of Mn in bacterial pathogenesis, little about relevance pathophysiology E. faecalis. Here, we identified and characterized major acquisition systems We discovered...

Enterococcus faecalis is a leading causative agent of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), the most common hospital-acquired infection. Its ability to grow and form catheter biofilm dependent upon host fibrinogen (Fg). Examined here are how bacterial proteases interact with Fg contribute virulence. Analysis mutants affecting two major secreted E. OG1RF (GelE, SprE) revealed that while loss either had no effect on virulence in murine CAUTI model or for formation Fg-dependent...

ABSTRACT Gram-positive bacteria in the genus Enterococcus are a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), disease whose treatment is increasingly challenged by multiantibiotic-resistant strains. We have recently shown that E. faecalis uses Ebp pilus, heteropolymeric surface fiber, to bind host protein fibrinogen as critical step CAUTI pathogenesis. Fibrinogen deposited on catheters due catheter-induced inflammation and recognized N-terminal domain EbpA (EbpA NTD...

Indwelling urinary catheters are common in health care settings and can lead to catheter-associated tract infection (CAUTI). Long-term catheterization causes polymicrobial colonization of the catheter urine, for which clinical significance is poorly understood. Through prospective assessment urine colonization, we identified Enterococcus faecalis Proteus mirabilis as most prevalent persistent co-colonizers. Clinical isolates both species successfully co-colonized a murine model CAUTI, they...

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) account for 40% of hospital-acquired (HAIs). As 20 to 50% hospitalized patients receive catheters, CAUTIs are one the most common HAIs, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Candida albicans is second CAUTI uropathogen, yet relative its bacterial counterparts, little known about how fungal established. Here, we show that catheterized bladder environment induces Efg1- fibrinogen (Fg)–dependent biofilm...

ABSTRACT Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a major human pathogen that causes several invasive diseases including necrotizing fasciitis. The host coagulation cascade initiates fibrin clots to sequester bacteria prevent dissemination into deeper tissues. GAS, especially skin-tropic bacterial strains, utilize specific virulence factors, plasminogen binding M-protein (PAM) and streptokinase (SK), manipulate hemostasis activate cause fibrinolysis clot escape. unresolved question regards the...

Genetic defects in glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) cause non-ketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), a rare and frequently fatal neurometabolic disease, which lacks FDA-approved therapies. We characterized CRISPR Cas9-edited humanized mice expressing prevalent clinical mutation after administration with single intraperitoneal dose of novel recombinant adeno-associated viral vector 9 GLDC (rAAV9-GLDC). Long term biological activity rAAV9-GLDC was first validated by assessment its systemic efficacy over...

Recent studies of hydrogen sulfide (H

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are highly prevalent, a significant cause of morbidity and increasingly resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Females disproportionately afflicted by UTI: 50% all women will have UTI in their lifetime. Additionally, 20-40% these who an initial suffer recurrence some suffering frequent recurrences serious deterioration the quality life, pain discomfort, disruption daily activities, increased healthcare costs, few options other than long-term antibiotic...

Cilia are microtubule-based organelles that function in a multitude of physiological contexts to perform chemosensing, mechanosensing, and fluid propulsion. The process ciliogenesis is highly regulated, disruptions result disease states termed ciliopathies. Here, we report peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 alpha (ppargc1a) essential for nodal, mono-, multiciliated cells (MCCs) discernment renal tubule ciliated cell fate during embryogenesis. ppargc1a performs...

Bacillus endophthalmitis is a severe intraocular infection. Hallmarks of include robust inflammation and rapid loss vision. We reported that the absence surface layer protein (SLP) significantly blunted severity. Here, we further investigated SLP in context Bacillus-retinal cell interactions innate immune pathways to explore mechanisms by which contributes inflammation. compared phenotypes Wild-type (WT) deficient (∆slpA) thuringiensis analyzing bacterial adherence phagocytosis human retinal...

Bacterial pathogens require a variety of micronutrients for growth, including trace metals such as iron, manganese, and zinc (Zn). Despite their relative abundance in host environments, access to these is severely restricted during infection due host-mediated defense mechanisms collectively known nutritional immunity. growing appreciation the importance Zn host-pathogen interactions, homeostasis significance pathophysiology