A5110546978- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Medicine and Dermatology Studies History
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Autoimmune Bullous Skin Diseases
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Social Media in Health Education
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders research
- interferon and immune responses
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Health Sciences Research and Education
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Academic Writing and Publishing
- Digital Imaging in Medicine
- Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Pregnancy and preeclampsia studies
- Healthcare Systems and Technology
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
2020-2021
University of Colorado Denver
2020-2021
University of California, San Diego
2013-2020
VA San Diego Healthcare System
2013-2020
University of Szeged
2017-2018
Veterans Medical Research Foundation of San Diego
2018
University of Minnesota
2018
La Jolla Institute for Immunology
2011-2013
Institut de Recherche Vaccinale
2009
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) provides most sensitive measurement residual infection in patients on effective combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) has recently been shown to provide highly accurate quantification DNA copy number, but its application HIV DNA, or other equally rare targets, not reported. This paper demonstrates and analyzes ddPCR measure frequency total (pol copies per million cells), episomal 2-LTR...
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, and symptoms of infection range from asymptomatic to the severe dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS). High viral loads correlate with disease severity, both type I & II interferons (IFNs) are crucial for controlling replication. We have previously reported that signal transducer activator transcription (STAT) 1-deficient mice resistant DENV-induced disease, but little known about this STAT1-independent mechanism...
We previously reported that mice lacking alpha/beta and gamma interferon receptors (IFN-α/βR -γR) uniformly exhibit paralysis following infection with the dengue virus (DENV) clinical isolate PL046, while only a subset of IFN-γR alone virtually no IFN-α/βR develop paralysis. Here, using mouse-passaged variant strain S221, we show in absence IFN-α/βR, signaling through confers approximately 140-fold greater resistance against systemic vascular leakage-associated disease complete protection...
Asymptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication occurs frequently in the genital tract untreated HIV-infected men and is associated with increased immune activation HIV disease progression. To determine connections between CMV-associated size of viral reservoir, we evaluated interactions (i) asymptomatic seminal CMV replication, (ii) levels T cell proliferation blood, (iii) transcriptional activity DNA reservoir blood from 53 on long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppressed RNA plasma. We...
ABSTRACT Asymptomatic replication of human herpesviruses (HHV) is frequent in HIV-infected men and associated with increased T-cell activation HIV disease progression. We hypothesized that the presence cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (the most frequently detected HHV) might influence DNA decay during antiretroviral therapy (ART). investigated 607 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 107 CMV-seropositive, who have sex men, started ART within a median 3 months...
Abstract Multiple scientific disciplines require the isolation of specific subsets blood cells from patient samples for gene expression analysis by microarray or RNA‐sequencing, preserving disease‐ treatment‐related signatures. However, little is known with respect to impact different cell methods on and effects positive selection, negative fluorescence activated sorting (FACS) have not previously been assessed in parallel. To address this knowledge gap, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ B monocytes were...
Background Notwithstanding 1 documented case of HIV-1 cure following allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT), several subsequent cases allo-SCT in positive individuals have failed to infection. The aim our study was describe changes the HIV reservoir a single chronically HIV-infected patient on suppressive antiretroviral therapy who underwent for treatment acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods and findings We prospectively collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) by...
BackgroundImproved assays are critical to better characterize the HIV reservoir and reliably evaluate candidate intervention strategies. Here we describe different methods quantify reservoir.MethodsWe developed an optimized quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) frequency of cells harboring replication-competent HIV, which is simpler more sensitive than classical QVOAs. We also new inducible RNA that concomitantly measure cell-associated [ca-] (gag tat-rev) cell-free [cf-] after three...
ABSTRACT The role of Cardif-dependent signaling in controlling dengue virus (DENV) infection and regulating type I interferon (IFN) production vivo was examined Cardif-deficient mice. DENV RNA levels were significantly elevated both the serum lymphoid tissues Cardif −/− mice at early times compared to those wild-type animals. Type IFN delayed these locales until 18 h postinfection, indicating that regulates initial response tissues. In contrast, viral loads nonlymphoid similar between These...
Objective: The eradication of HIV necessitates elimination the latent reservoir. Identifying host determinants governing latency and reservoir size in setting antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important step developing strategies to cure infection. We sought determine impact cell-intrinsic immunity on Design: investigated relevance a comprehensive panel established anti-HIV-1 restriction factors multiple virologic immunologic measures viral persistence HIV-1-infected, ART-suppressed...
Even with antiretroviral therapy (ART), persons HIV (PWH) experience increased morbidity and mortality. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Epstein--Barr virus (EBV) co-infections likely exacerbate inflammatory-related diseases.
Almost all individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are also cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein Barr (EBV). The aims of our studies have included characterizing measuring the latent HIV reservoir understanding association between asymptomatic replication CMV (and other herpesvirus, including EBV) this (Gianella et al., 2014). This protocol was designed to simultaneously co-extract DNA RNA from same peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) aliquot quantify HIV, EBV DNA, as...
HIV-infection is associated with dramatic changes in the intestinal mucosa. The impact of other viral pathogens unclear.
Abstract Accurate characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir is imperative to develop an effective cure. HIV was measured in antiretroviral therapy-suppressed individuals using intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA), along with assays for total or integrated DNA, and inducible RNA p24. Intact provirus correlated HIV.
The greatest obstacle to a cure for HIV is the provirus that integrates into genome of infected cell and persists despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART). A "shock kill" approach has been proposed as strategy an whereby drugs compounds referred latency reversing agents (LRAs) are used "shock" silent active replication permit "killing" by virus induced pathology or immune recognition. LRA most utilized date in clinical trials histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor - vorinostat. Potentially...
Residual viremia is common during antiretroviral therapy (ART) and could be caused by ongoing low-level virus replication or release of viral particles from infected cells. ART intensification should impact propagation but not virion release. Eighteen acutely men were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial monitored for median 107 weeks. Participants started with (n = 9) without maraviroc (MVC) within 90 days infection. Levels HIV DNA cell-free RNA quantified droplet digital PCR. Deep...
Abstract Background Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in a CCR5∆32 homozygous donor resulted HIV cure. Understanding how allo-HCT impacts the reservoir will inform cure strategies. Methods A 12-year-old with perinatally acquired, CCR5-tropic and acute lymphoblastic leukemia underwent myeloablative conditioning umbilical cord blood (UCB) from donor. Peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) rectum were sampled pre- post-transplant. The brain, lung, lymph node (LN), stomach,...
We utilized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to purify high-molecular-weight DNA from HIV-infected cells. This purification, in combination with our previously described droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay, was used develop a method quantify proviral integrated HIV free of lower-molecular-weight species DNA.
Objective: The impact of short-term analytical treatment interruptions (ATI) on the levels cellular HIV and residual activation after subsequent antiretroviral therapy (ART)-mediated plasma viral load re-suppression remains under active investigation. Design: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 23 ART-suppressed, chronically HIV-1-infected patients were evaluated at initiation an ATI, during following with ART. Methods: T-cell was measured by flow cytometry. Total DNA, episomal...