A5089955360- Cellular transport and secretion
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Erythrocyte Function and Pathophysiology
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Ion channel regulation and function
- Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Cell Image Analysis Techniques
- Force Microscopy Techniques and Applications
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
University of Ljubljana
2015-2025
Celica (Slovenia)
2015-2025
National Institute of Chemistry
2020
Institute of Oncology Ljubljana
1998-2016
Faculty (United Kingdom)
2015
Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins
2012-2013
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Physiology
2007-2008
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2000
Although cell culture studies have implicated the presence of vesicle proteins in mediating release glutamate from astrocytes, definitive proof requires identification mechanism and localization this astrocytes at synaptic locales. In cultured murine we show an array proteins, including SNARE vesicular transporters that are required to fill vesicles with glutamate. Using immunocytochemistry single-cell multiplex reverse transcription-PCR demonstrate these their transcripts within freshly...
Astrocytes appear to communicate with each other as well neurons via ATP. However, the mechanisms of ATP release are controversial. To explore whether stimuli that increase [Ca2+]i also trigger vesicular from astrocytes, we labeled ATP-containing vesicles fluorescent dye quinacrine, which exhibited a significant co-localization atrial natriuretic peptide. The confocal microscopy study revealed quinacrine-loaded displayed mainly non-directional spontaneous mobility relatively short track...
Exocytotic vesicles in astrocytes are increasingly viewed as essential astrocyte‐to‐neuron communication the brain. In neurons and excitable secretory cells, delivery of to plasma membrane for exocytosis involves an interaction with cytoskeleton, particular microtubules actin filaments. Whether cytoskeletal elements affect vesicle mobility is unknown. We labeled single fluorescent atrial natriuretic peptide monitored their rat depolymerized microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments mouse...
Octopamine in the Drosophila brain has a neuromodulatory role similar to that of noradrenaline mammals. After release from Tdc2 neurons, octopamine/tyramine may trigger intracellular Ca We expressed Octopamine-stimulated In optic lobes, astrocytes, not appear be sole responders low concentration octopamine signals, and therefore likely drive synaptic plasticity visual processing. Given interconnectivity lobes with other regions, octopaminergic signals acting through lobe astrocytes also...
Abstract Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, have numerous characteristics that were previously considered exclusive for neurons. One these is cytosolic [Ca 2+ ] oscillation controls the release chemical transmitter glutamate and atrial natriuretic peptide. These messengers appear to be released from astrocytes via Ca ‐dependent exocytosis. In present study, patch‐clamp membrane capacitance measurements used monitor changes in area single astrocyte, while photolysis caged calcium compounds...
After administration of metoprolol, plasma concentrations the drug are markedly higher in CYP2D6 poor metabolizers (PMs) than non-PMs. In a prospective double-blind 3-month study, we investigated whether this translates into differences metoprolol's effects after initiation therapy. Despite administering equal doses to PMs and non-PMs, metoprolol were 4.9-fold PM group. Metoprolol evoked significantly persistently greater reductions heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial...
Kiss-and-run exocytosis, consisting of reversible fusion between the vesicle membrane and plasma membrane, is considered to lead full after stimulation vesicles containing classical transmitters. However, whether this also case in peptidergic unknown. Previously, we have observed that spontaneous neuropeptide discharge from a single slower than stimulated release, because kinetic constraints pore opening. To explore slow release reflects relatively narrow pore, analyzed permeation FM 4-64...
Abstract Background In immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system, astrocytes exposed to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) can express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and antigens on their surface. MHC are thought be delivered cell surface by membrane-bound vesicles. However, characteristics dynamics this vesicular traffic unclear, particularly in reactive astrocytes, which overexpress intermediate filament (IF) proteins that may affect trafficking. The aim study was...
Abstract Intermediate filament (IF) proteins upregulation is a hallmark of astrocyte activation and reactive gliosis, but its pathophysiological implications remain incompletely understood. A recently reported association between IFs directional mobility peptidergic vesicles allows us to hypothesize that affect vesicle dynamics exocytosis‐mediated communication with neighboring cells. Here, we ask whether the trafficking recycling (i.e., those fused then retrieved from plasma membrane)...
The morphology of astrocytes, likely regulated by cAMP, determines the structural association between astrocytes and synapse, consequently modulating synaptic function. β‐Adrenergic receptors (β‐AR), which increase cytosolic cAMP concentration ([cAMP] i ), may affect cell morphology. However, real‐time dynamics β‐AR‐mediated signaling in single live its effect on have not been studied. We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based biosensor Epac1‐camps to study time‐dependent...
Besides being a neuronal fuel, L-lactate is also signal in the brain. Whether extracellular affects brain metabolism, particular astrocytes, abundant neuroglial cells, which produce aerobic glycolysis, unclear. Recent studies suggested that astrocytes express low levels of GPR81 receptor (EC50 ≈ 5 mM) fat cells part an autocrine loop, Gi-protein mediates reduction cytosolic cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). To study whether similar signaling loop present affecting we measured cAMP,...
Astrocytes are non-neuronal cells in the CNS, which, like neurons, capable of releasing neuroactive molecules. However, mechanism release is ill defined. In this study, we investigated atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from cultured cortical astrocytes by confocal microscopy. To study discharge hormone, transfected with a construct to express pro-ANP fused emerald green fluorescent protein (ANP.emd). The transfection ANP.emd resulted puncta cytoplasm that represent secretory organelles. If...
To answer the question of whether satellite cell pool in human muscle is reduced during aging, we detected cells 30-μm-thick transverse sections under confocal microscope by binding M-cadherin antibody. The basal lamina was with laminin. Nuclei were stained bisbenzimide or propidium iodide. Satellite counted applying disector method and unbiased sampling design. determine if there are age-related differences fiber types, morphometric characteristics fibers examined on thin for myofibrillar...
The release of hormones and neurotransmitters, mediated by regulated exocytosis, can be modified regulation the fusion pore. pore is considered stable narrow initially, eventually leading to complete merger vesicle plasma membranes. By using high-resolution patch-clamp capacitance technique, we studied single vesicles asked whether Sec1/Munc18 proteins, interacting with membrane fusion-mediating SNARE (soluble <i>N</i>-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) affect...
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the predominant water channel in brain, expressed mainly astrocytes and involved transport physiologic pathologic conditions. Besides classical isoforms M1 (a) M23 (c), additional ones may be present at plasma membrane, such as recently described AQP4b, d, e, f. Water permeability regulation by AQP4 involve several processes, conformational changes, extent arrangement of channels dynamics trafficking to/from membrane. To test whether vesicular affects abundance we...
Astrocytes contain glycogen, an energy buffer, which can bridge local short term requirements in the brain. Glycogen levels reflect a dynamic equilibrium between glycogen synthesis and glycogenolysis. Many factors that include hormones neuropeptides, such as insulin insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) likely modulate stores astrocytes, but detailed mechanisms at cellular level are sparse. We used glucose nanosensor based on Förster resonance transfer to monitor cytosolic concentration with...
The ventral compound eye of many insects contains polarization-sensitive photoreceptors, but little is known about how they are integrated into visual functions. In female horseflies, polarized reflections from animal fur a key stimulus for host detection. To understand polarization vision mediated by the eye, we investigated band-eyed brown horsefly Tabanus bromius using anatomical, physiological, and behavioral approaches. Serial electron microscopic sectioning retina single-cell...