A5065378963- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Animal Diversity and Health Studies
- Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Forensic and Genetic Research
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- Ancient Near East History
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Paleopathology and ancient diseases
- Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Livestock and Poultry Management
- Yersinia bacterium, plague, ectoparasites research
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Archaeology and Historical Studies
- Archaeological and Historical Studies
- Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies
- Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies
- Archaeological and Geological Studies
- Biblical Studies and Interpretation
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
2016-2025
Bavarian Natural History Collections
2016-2025
Bavarian State Collection of Zoology
2014-2023
Florida State Collection of Arthropods
2022
University of Wisconsin–Madison
2022
Episcopal Divinity School
2022
LMU Klinikum
2021
Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie
2006-2017
Philipps University of Marburg
2006
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
1999
The dog was the first domesticated animal but it remains uncertain when domestication process began and whether occurred just once or multiple times across Northern Hemisphere. To ascertain value of modern genetic data to elucidate origins domestication, we analyzed 49,024 autosomal SNPs in 1,375 dogs (representing 35 breeds) 19 wolves. After combining our with previously published data, contrasted signatures 121 breeds a worldwide archeological assessment earliest remains. Correlating...
Zooarcheological evidence suggests that pigs were domesticated in Southwest Asia ∼8,500 BC. They then spread across the Middle and Near East westward into Europe alongside early agriculturalists. European either independently or more likely appeared so as a result of admixture between introduced wild boar. As result, boar mtDNA lineages replaced Eastern/Anatolian signatures subsequently indigenous domestic pig Anatolia. The specific details these processes, however, remain unknown. To...
This study presents the results of a major data integration project bringing together primary archaeozoological for over 200,000 faunal specimens excavated from seventeen sites in Turkey spanning Epipaleolithic through Chalcolithic periods, c. 18,000-4,000 cal BC, order to document initial westward spread domestic livestock across Neolithic central and western Turkey. From these shared datasets we demonstrate that expansion subsistence technologies combined multiple routes pulses but did not...
Abstract The second plague pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis , devastated Europe and the nearby regions between 14 th 18 centuries AD. Here we analyse human remains from ten European archaeological sites spanning this period reconstruct 34 ancient Y. genomes. Our data support an initial entry of bacterium through eastern Europe, absence genetic diversity during Black Death, low within-outbreak thereafter. Analysis post-Black Death genomes shows diversification a lineage into multiple...
The precise genetic origins of the first Neolithic farming populations in Europe and Southwest Asia, as well processes timing their differentiation, remain largely unknown. Demogenomic modeling high-quality ancient genomes reveals that early farmers Anatolia emerged from a multiphase mixing Asian population with strongly bottlenecked western hunter-gatherer after last glacial maximum. Moreover, ancestors went through period extreme drift during westward range expansion, contributing highly...
The origins and prehistory of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are incompletely understood; to address this, we generated data from 118 ancient genomes spanning 12,000 years sampled across Eurasia. Genomes Central Türkiye ~8000 BCE genetically proximal the but do not fully explain ancestry later populations, suggesting a mosaic wild ancestries. Genomic signatures indicate selection by herders for pigmentation patterns, hornedness, growth rate. Although first European flocks derive Türkiye, in...
Domestication of the donkey from African wild ass transformed ancient transport systems in Africa and Asia organization early cities pastoral societies. Genetic research suggests an origin for donkey, but pinpointing timing location domestication has been challenging because donkeys are uncommon archaeological record markers phases animal hard to determine. We present previously undescribed evidence earliest use new paleopathological indicators domestication. Findings based on skeletal data...
Genetic data from extant donkeys ( Equus asinus ) have revealed two distinct mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, suggestive of separate domestication events in northeast Africa about 5000 years ago. Without phylogeographic structure domestic donkey haplogroups and with little information on the genetic makeup ancestral African wild ass, however, it has been difficult to identify ancestors geographical origins for clades. Our analysis ancient archaeological historic museum samples provides first...
Archaeological evidence indicates that pig domestication had begun by ∼10,500 y before the present (BP) in Near East, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) suggests pigs arrived Europe alongside farmers ∼8,500 BP. A few thousand years after introduction of Eastern into Europe, however, their characteristic mtDNA signature disappeared was replaced haplotypes associated with European wild boars. This turnover could be accounted for substantial gene flow from local boars, although it is also possible...
The first historically documented pandemic caused by Yersinia pestis began as the Justinianic Plague in 541 within Roman Empire and continued so-called First Pandemic until 750. Although paleogenomic studies have previously identified causative agent Y. pestis, little is known about bacterium's spread, diversity, genetic history over course of pandemic. To elucidate microevolution bacterium during this time period, we screened human remains from 21 sites Austria, Britain, Germany, France,...
The Justinianic Plague, which started in the sixth century and lasted to mid eighth century, is thought be first of three historically documented plague pandemics causing massive casualties. Historical accounts molecular data suggest bacterium Yersinia pestis as its etiological agent. Here we present a new high-coverage (17.9-fold) Y. genome obtained from sixth-century skeleton recovered southern German burial site close Munich. reconstructed enabled detection 30 unique substitutions well...
Significance Recent studies have identified the genetic basis of numerous traits that differentiate modern domestic species from their wild counterparts. In both plants and animals, (and genes underlying them) found ubiquitously in breeds are often presumed to been selected early during domestication process. Here, by determining variability ancient European chickens over past 2,000 years, we show a mutation thought be crucial chicken was not subjected strong human-mediated selection until...
Modern European genetic structure demonstrates strong correlations with geography, while analysis of prehistoric humans has indicated at least two major waves immigration from outside the continent during periods cultural change. However, population-level genome data that could shed light on demographic processes occurring intervening have been absent. Therefore, we generated genomic 41 individuals dating mostly to late 5th/early 6th century AD present-day Bavaria in southern Germany,...
Process philosophy offers a metaphysical foundation for domestication studies. This grounding is especially important given the European colonialist origin of 'domestication' as term and 19th century cultural project. We explore potential process archaeology deep-time investigation relationships, drawing attention to variable pace an ongoing within across taxa; nature 'syndromes' 'pathways' general hypotheses about process; importance cooperation well competition among humans other...
Though chickens are the most numerous and ubiquitous domestic bird, their origins, circumstances of initial association with people, routes along which they dispersed across world remain controversial. In order to establish a robust spatial temporal framework for origins dispersal, we assessed archaeological occurrences status from ∼600 sites in 89 countries by combining zoogeographic, morphological, osteometric, stratigraphic, contextual, iconographic, textual data. Our results suggest that...
Que ce soient les arguments morphométriques ou. d'autres plus indirects, la domestication du mouton et fort probablement celle de chèvre prend place durant, le PPNB ancien dans piémonts sud Taurus. Même si l'élevage se généralise Levant Nord, au cours moyen, fréquences chèvres moutons ne dépassent pas 30 % des restes osseux cette période. Ainsi, l'introduction ces petits ruminants l'économie sites anciens parait moins « révolutionnaire » que l'expression Révolution Néolithique l'implique. Au...
Human and animal bones from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B site of Nevalı Çori (southeast Anatolia) were analyzed with regard to stable carbon nitrogen isotopes in bone collagen, oxygen carbonate. The reconstruction vertebrate food web at this revealed that humans may have faced difficulties meat procurement, since their stable-isotope ratios reflect a largely herbivorous diet. This is contrast preceding A contexts late sites Fertile Crescent, where are located top chain. Conceivably,...
The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) has been described as a species with low levels of genetic variation. This suggested to be the consequence demographic bottleneck 10 000–12 000 years ago (ya) and also led assumption that only small differences exist between subspecies. However, analysing mitochondrial DNA microsatellites in samples from most historic range we found relatively deep phylogeographic breaks some investigated populations, methods assessed divergence time estimates predating...
Nearly three decades ago, zooarchaeologists postulated that chicken husbandry was practiced in Northern China by ∼8.0 ka calBP. Recently, ancient mitogenome analyses of galliform remains suggested Red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) already present the Yellow River basin several millennia earlier, shortly after onset Holocene. If these conclusions are correct, origins domestication and region may have been spurred agricultural innovations lower including millet cultivation, pig husbandry, dog...
Ancient DNA provides an opportunity to infer the drivers of natural selection by linking allele frequency changes temporal shifts in environment or cultural practices. However, analyses have often been hampered uneven sampling and uncertainties sample dating, as well being confounded demographic processes. Here, we present a Bayesian statistical framework for quantifying timing strength using ancient that explicitly addresses these challenges. We applied this method time series data two...