A5049099413- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- HIV Research and Treatment
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Global Maternal and Child Health
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Travel-related health issues
- Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
UNSW Sydney
2014-2025
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
2019
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
2019
National Institute on Drug Abuse
2019
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
2019
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute
2019
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
2019
Early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), at higher CD4 cell counts, prevents disease progression and reduces sexual transmission human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We describe the temporal trends in counts start cART adults from low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, high-income countries (LICs, LMICs, UMICs, HICs, respectively).We included HIV-infected individuals aged ≥16 years who started between 2002 2015 a clinic participating International...
Abstract Introduction : Our understanding of how to achieve optimal long‐term adherence antiretroviral therapy (ART) in settings where the burden HIV disease is highest remains limited. We compared levels and determinants over time between HIV‐positive persons receiving ART who were enrolled a bi‐regional cohort sub‐Saharan Africa Asia. Methods This multicentre prospective study adults starting first‐line assessed patient‐reported at follow‐up clinic visits using 30‐day visual analogue...
Having 90% of patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and achieving an undetectable viral load (VL) is 1 the 90:90:90 by 2020 targets. In this global analysis, we investigated proportions adult paediatric with VL suppression in first 3 years after ART initiation.
Many HIV-infected individuals do not enter health care until late in the infection course. Despite encouraging earlier testing, this situation has continued for several years. We investigated prevalence of presenters and factors associated with presentation among patients an Asian regional cohort. This cohort study included their first positive HIV test during 2003-2012 CD4 count clinical status data within 3 months that test. Factors into (CD4 <200 cells/μl or AIDS-defining event ±3 test)...
Introduction Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) plays an important role in treatment outcomes. It is crucial identify factors influencing adherence order optimize responses. The aim of this study was assess the rates of, and associated with, suboptimal (SubAdh) first 24 months ART Asian HIV cohort. Methods As part a prospective resistance monitoring study, TREAT Asia Studies Evaluate Resistance Monitoring Study (TASER‐M) collected patients’ based on World Health Organization‐validated...
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) genotypic resistance defined by K65R/N and/or K70E/Q/G occurs in 20% to 60% of individuals with virological failure (VF) on a WHO-recommended TDF-containing first-line regimen. However, the full spectrum reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations selected VF such regimen is not known. To identify TDF regimen-associated (TRAMs), we compared proportion each RT mutation 2873 its cohort 50,803 antiretroviral-naïve individuals. TRAMs specifically associated...
Background While national adoption of universal HIV treatment guidelines has led to improved, timely uptake antiretroviral therapy (ART), longer-term care outcomes are understudied. There is little data from real-world service delivery settings on patient attrition, viral load (VL) monitoring, and suppression (VS) at 24 36 months after initiation. Methods findings For this retrospective cohort analysis, we used observational 25 countries in the International epidemiology Databases Evaluate...
We compared treatment outcomes of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in patients on fully or partially sensitive regimens.Factors associated with survival and failure were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards discrete time conditional logistic models.TDR, found 60 (4.1%) 1471 Asian treatment-naive patients, was one the significant predictors failure. Patients TDR to >1 their regimen >3 times as likely fail no TDR.TDR context non-fully regimens. Efforts are needed incorporate testing into...
Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related opportunistic infection and cause of acquired immune-deficiency syndrome death. TB often affects those from a low socio-economic background.To assess determinants in HIV-infected patients Asia.This was matched case-control study. HIV-positive, TB-positive cases were to TB-negative controls according age, sex CD4 cell count. A questionnaire comprising 23 questions, including education level, employment, housing...
Comorbidities including diabetes mellitus (DM) among people living with HIV (PLHIV) are of increasing clinical concerns in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. We aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors new-onset DM PLHIV Asian settings.
Data on the impact of World Health Organization (WHO)'s guideline changes and COVID-19 ART initiation in Asia-Pacific remain scarce. This study described temporal trends from HIV diagnosis to 2013 2023 its associated factors. Adults (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with after a regional observational cohort were included. Fine Gray competing risk regression examined predictors 3 antiretroviral medications), accounting for those lost follow-up or deceased before treatment considered as risks. Among...
Evaluating data quality is essential when combining multi-site observational clinical for analysis. We collaborated with five research networks, representing various approaches and workflows, to generalize an established checking report generation tool so it could be implemented more easily by other consortia. The resulting approach reduced the need technical expertise at user sites leveraging REDCap collection software store details about a group, their model, expectations variables (e.g.,...
Objectives With aging of the HIV ‐positive population, cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) increasingly contributes to morbidity and mortality. We investigated ‐related other causes death COD s) factors associated with in a multi‐country Asian cohort. Methods Patient data from 2003–2017 were obtained Therapeutics, Research, Education AIDS Training Asia (TREAT Asia) Observational Database TAHOD ). included patients on antiretroviral therapy ART > 1 day follow‐up. Cumulative incidences plotted...
Background Evidence for the effectiveness of continuous quality improvement (CQI) in resource-poor settings is very limited. We aimed to establish effects CQI on antenatal HIV care primary clinics rural South Africa. Methods and findings conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing usual standard (ANC) 7 nurse-led, public-sector clinics—combined into 6 clusters—over 8 steps 19 months. Clusters randomly switched from comparator intervention pre-specified dates...
Background In resource-limited settings, routine monitoring of renal function during antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been recommended. However, concerns for tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-related nephrotoxicity persist with increased use. Methods We investigated serum creatinine (S-Cr) rates before and ART the incidence prevalence dysfunction after starting TDF by using data from a regional cohort HIV-infected individuals in Asia-Pacific. Time to was defined as time initiation...
Background: UNAIDS models use data from the International epidemiology Databases to Evaluate AIDS (IeDEA) collaboration in setting assumptions about mortality rates after antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation. This study aims update these with new data, quantify extent of regional variation ART and assess trends mortality. Methods: Adult patients Africa, Asia Americas were included if they had a known date initiation during 2001–2017 baseline CD4+ cell count. In cohorts that relied only...
Multiple comorbidities among HIV-positive individuals may increase the potential for polypharmacy causing drug-to-drug interactions and older with comorbidities, particularly those cognitive impairment, have difficulty in adhering to complex medications. However, effects of age-associated on treatment outcomes combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) are not well known. In this study, we investigated therapeutic cART adults Asian countries.
To assess second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) virological failure and HIV drug resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), in support of third-line regimen planning Asia.Adults > 18 years age on ART for ≥ 6 months were eligible. Cross-sectional data viral load (VL) genotypic resistance testing collected or was conducted between July 2015 May 2017 at 12 Asia-Pacific sites. Virological (VF) defined as VL 1000 copies/mL with a second within 3-6 months. FASTA files submitted to Stanford...
South Africa implemented universal test and treat (UTT) in September 2016 an effort to encourage earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).We therefore conducted interrupted time series (ITS) analysis assess the impact UTT on mean CD4 count at ART among adults aged ≥16 years attending 17 public sector primary care clinics rural Africa, between July 2014 March 2019.Among 20 599 individuals (69% women), counts were available for 74%. Mean increased from 317.1 cells/μL (95% confidence...
The emergence and transmission of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) has raised concerns after rapid global antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up. There are limited data on the epidemiology primary HIVDR in resource-limited settings Asia. We aimed to determine prevalence compare distribution a cohort ART-naïve Asian patients with recent chronic infection.Multicenter prospective study was conducted between 2007 2010. Resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) were assessed using World Health...
Introduction First‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure often results from the development of resistance‐associated mutations (RAMs). Three patterns, including thymidine analogue (TAMs), 69 Insertion (69Ins) and Q151M complex, are associated with resistance to multiple‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) may compromise treatment options for second‐line ART. Methods We investigated patterns factors multi‐NRTI RAMs at first‐line in patients The TREAT Asia Studies Evaluate...
Cotrimoxazole (CTX) is recommended as prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia, malaria and other serious bacterial infections in HIV-infected patients. Despite its vitro activity Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the effects of CTX preventive therapy on tuberculosis (TB) remain unclear. Adults living with HIV enrolled a regional observational cohort Asia who had initiated combination antiretroviral (cART) were included analysis. Factors associated new TB diagnoses after entry survival...
Missed clinic visits can lead to poorer treatment outcomes in HIV-infected patients. Suboptimal antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence has been linked subsequent missed visits. Knowing the determinants of Asian patients will allow for appropriate counselling and intervention strategies ensure continuous engagement care. A visit was defined as having no assessments within six months. Repeated measures logistic regression used analyse factors associated with visits.A total 7100 were included...