A5001166064- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Poxvirus research and outbreaks
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
- Dermatological and COVID-19 studies
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Dental Research and COVID-19
- Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Hepatitis C virus research
- Respiratory viral infections research
- vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Dynamics and Control of Mechanical Systems
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Virus-based gene therapy research
Nagoya University
2022-2025
Infectious virus shedding from individuals infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is used to estimate human-to-human transmission risk. Control of SARS-CoV-2 requires identifying the immune correlates that protect infectious shedding. Mucosal immunity prevents infection by SARS-CoV-2, which replicates in epithelium and spreads rapidly other hosts. However, whether mucosal SARS-CoV-2-infected unknown. We examined relationship between viral RNA dynamics,...
Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is caused by the persistence of closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in nucleus infected hepatocytes. Despite available therapeutic anti-HBV agents, eliminating cccDNA remains challenging. Thus, quantifying and understanding dynamics are essential for developing effective treatment strategies new drugs. However, such study requires repeated liver biopsy to measure intrahepatic cccDNA, which basically not accepted because potentially morbid common during...
Mpox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus and caused an outbreak in 2022. Although tecovirimat brincidofovir are approved as anti-smallpox drugs, their effects mpox patients have not been well documented. In this study, by drug repurposing approach, we identified potential candidates for treating predicted clinical impacts mathematical modeling.
Quantification of intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a key for evaluating an elimination hepatitis B virus (HBV) in infected patients. However, quantifying cccDNA requires invasive methods such as liver biopsy, which makes it impractical to access the dynamics Although HBV RNA and core-related antigens (HBcrAg) have been proposed surrogate markers activity, they do not necessarily estimate amount cccDNA. Here, we employed recently developed multiscale mathematical model...
Abstract Introduction In August 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a public health emergency due to rapid spread of mpox in African and beyond. International travel controls (ITCs), such as screening viral testing, could help avoid/delay global monkeypox virus (MPXV), fostering preparedness response efforts. However, it is not clear whether tests at immigration are sufficient avoid importation MPXV which samples should be used on tests. Methods We conducted simulation study...
Abstract A key issue in the post-COVID-19 era is ongoing administration of COVID-19 vaccines. Repeated vaccination essential for preparing against currently circulating and newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants while enabling people to continue with daily life. Optimizing strategies crucial efficiently manage medical resources establish an effective framework. Therefore, it important quantitatively understand vaccine-induced immunity dynamics be able identify poor responders lower sustained...
The global outbreak of mpox in 2022 and subsequent sporadic outbreaks 2023 highlighted the importance nonpharmaceutical interventions such as case isolation. Individual variations viral shedding dynamics may lead to either premature ending isolation for infectious individuals, or unnecessarily prolonged those who are no longer infectious. Here, we developed a modeling framework characterize heterogeneous infectiousness profiles – specifically, when infected individuals cease be based on load...
<title>Abstract</title> Estimates of the risk a large infectious disease outbreak resulting from introduction pathogen into population are valuable for planning public health measures. Two key factors affecting estimates variations in transmission between individuals (e.g., “superspreaders”) (1) and over time through seasonality (2,3) or changing immunity, such as vaccination (4)). However, existing estimation frameworks do not consider both features simultaneously. Here we develop an...
ABSTRACT Although viral protein expression and progeny virus production were independently shown to be highly heterogeneous in individual cells, their direct relationship, analyzed by considering heterogeneities, has not been investigated date. To elucidate the relationship between production, we constructed a reporter herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) tagging Venus late Us11. We then separated HSV-1-infected cell population into multiple subpopulations according fluorescence intensity of Venus—which...
Abstract Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus that causes smallpox-like symptoms in humans and caused an outbreak May 2022 led the WHO to declare global health emergency. In this study, from screening of approved-drug libraries using MPXV infection cell system, atovaquone, mefloquine, molnupiravir exhibited anti-MPXV activity, with 50% inhibitory concentrations 0.51-5.2 μM, which more potent than cidofovir. Whereas mefloquine was suggested inhibit viral entry, atovaquone...
Abstract During the COVID-19 pandemic, human behavior change as a result of nonpharmaceutical interventions such isolation may have induced directional selection for viral evolution. By combining previously published empirical clinical data analysis and multi-level mathematical modeling, we find that SARS-CoV-2 variants selected virus evolved from pre-Alpha to Delta variant had earlier higher peak in load dynamics but shorter duration infection. Selection increased transmissibility shapes...
As we learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines are one of most important tools in infectious disease control. To date, an unprecedentedly large volume high-quality data on vaccinations have been accumulated. For preparedness future pandemics beyond COVID-19, these valuable datasets should be analyzed to best shape effective vaccination strategy. We collecting longitudinal from a community-based cohort Fukushima, Japan, that consists 2,407 individuals who underwent serum sampling two or...
In the era of living with COVID-19, risk localised SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks remains. Here, we develop a multiscale modelling framework for estimating local outbreak viral disease (the probability that major results from single case introduced into population), accounting within-host dynamics. Compared to population-level models previously used estimate risks, our approach enables more detailed analysis how can be mitigated through pre-emptive interventions such as antigen testing. Considering...
The 3-dose COVID-19 vaccine (booster vaccination) has been offered worldwide. As booster vaccinations continue, it is important to understand the antibody dynamics elicited by vaccination in order evaluate and develop needs strategies. Here, we investigated longitudinal data monitoring IgG antibodies against receptor binding domain (RBD) health care workers. We extended our previously developed mathematical model vaccines successfully fitted titers over time absence presence of past...
Viruses evolve in infected host populations, and population dynamics affect viral evolution. RNA viruses with a short duration of infection high peak load, such as SARS-CoV-2, are maintained human populations. By contrast, characterized by long low load (e.g., borna disease virus) can be nonhuman the process evolution persistent has rarely been explored. Here, using multi-level modeling approach including both individual-level virus population-scale transmission, we consider based on...
Abstract Recent studies have provided insights into the effect of vaccine boosters on recall immunity. Given limited global supply COVID-19 vaccines, identifying vulnerable populations with lower sustained vaccine-elicited antibody titers is important for targeting individuals booster vaccinations. Here we investigated longitudinal data in a cohort 2,526 people Fukushima, Japan, from April 2021 to December 2021. Antibody following two doses were repeatedly monitored and information lifestyle...
Abstract Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is caused by the persistence closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in nucleus infected hepatocytes. Despite available therapeutic anti-HBV agents, eliminating cccDNA remains challenging. The quantifying and understanding dynamics are essential for developing effective treatment strategies new drugs. However, it requires a liver biopsy to measure intrahepatic cccDNA, which basically not accepted because ethical aspect. We here aimed develop...
Abstract The global outbreak of mpox (formerly monkeypox) in 2022 raised public awareness about the disease. ensuing sporadic outbreaks 2023 highlighted importance sustaining nonpharmaceutical interventions, such as case isolation and contact tracing. Using viral load data, we developed a modelling framework to characterize various infectiousness profiles infected individuals. We used this model examine potential effectiveness two different possible rules: specifically, rules permitting...
Abstract Antibody titers wane after two-dose COVID-19 vaccinations, but individual variation in vaccine-elicited antibody dynamics remains to be explored. Here, we created a personalized score that enables individuals infer their status by use of simple calculation. We recently developed mathematical model B cell differentiation accurately interpolate the longitudinal data from community-based cohort Fukushima, Japan, which consists 2,159 who underwent serum sampling two or three times...
Although studies have demonstrated that infections with various viruses, bacteria, and parasites can modulate the immune system, no study has investigated changes in antibodies against microbial antigens after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. IgG blood of vaccinees were comprehensively analyzed using protein microarrays carried approximately 5000 microbe-derived proteins. Changes scrutinized healthy participants enrolled Fukushima Vaccination Community Survey conducted Prefecture, Japan, their...
Abstract Coinciding with the global outbreak of clade IIb mpox virus (MPXV), Democratic Republic Congo (DRC) recently experienced a rapid surge in cases I MPXV. Clade MPXV is known to be more fatal, but its clinical characteristics and prognosis differ between patients. Here, we used mathematical modelling quantify disease progression large cohort patients DRC from 2007-2011, particularly focusing on lesion transition dynamics. We further analyzed individuals’ data find predictive biomarkers...
Abstract Living with COVID-19 requires continued vigilance against the spread and emergence of variants concern (VOCs). Rapid accurate saliva diagnostic testing, alongside basic public health responses, is a viable option contributing to effective transmission control. Nevertheless, our knowledge regarding dynamics SARS-CoV-2 infection in not as advanced understanding respiratory tract. Here we analyzed longitudinal viral load data samples from 144 patients mild (a combination collected...