A5042049333- HIV Research and Treatment
- Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
- HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- HIV-related health complications and treatments
- T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Fungal Infections and Studies
- Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- Themes in Literature Analysis
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- CAR-T cell therapy research
- Blood groups and transfusion
- Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
- Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Parvovirus B19 Infection Studies
- Myasthenia Gravis and Thymoma
- Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
University of California, San Francisco
2015-2021
Harvard University
2017-2018
Brigham and Women's Hospital
2015-2018
City College of San Francisco
2017
St George's, University of London
2012-2016
University of Nottingham
2015
Animal and Plant Health Agency
2012
Background It is unknown if extremely early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may lead to long-term ART-free HIV remission or cure. As a result, we studied 2 individuals recruited from pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program who started prophylactic ART an estimated 10 days (Participant A; 54-year-old male) and 12 B; 31-year-old after infection with peak plasma RNA 220 copies/mL 3,343 copies/mL, respectively. Extensive testing blood tissue for persistence was performed, PrEP...
Understanding the host immune response during cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is of critical importance for development immunomodulatory therapies. We profiled cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune-response in ninety patients with HIV-associated CM, and examined associations between phenotype clinical outcome. CSF cytokine, chemokine, macrophage activation marker concentrations were assayed at disease presentation, these parameters microbiological outcomes using principal component analysis (PCA)....
HIV-1-infected cells persist indefinitely despite the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART), and novel therapeutic strategies to target purge residual infected in individuals on ART are urgently needed. Here, we demonstrate that CD4+ T cell-associated HIV-1 RNA is often highly enriched expressing CD30, this marker considerably contribute total pool transcriptionally active lymphocytes suppressive ART. Using situ hybridization studies, show co-localization CD30 with transcriptional...
Systemic chemotherapies for various malignancies have been shown to significantly, yet transiently, decrease numbers of CD4+ T lymphocytes, a major reservoir human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. However, little is known about the impact cytoreductive chemotherapy on HIV-1 dynamics, persistence, and immune responses.We investigated changes in peripheral T-cell-associated DNA RNA levels, lymphocyte activation, viral population structure, virus-specific responses longitudinal...
Abstract Antigen presenting cells (APC) are critical components of innate immunity and consequently shape the adaptive response. Leukocyte Ig Like Receptors (LILR) immune receptors predominantly expressed on myeloid cells. LILR can influence antigen phenotype monocytic to determine nature T cell responses in infections including Mycobaterium leprae . We therefore investigated relevance context Mycobacterium tuberculosis Real-time PCR studies indicated that transcriptional profile orphan...
Pharmacologic inhibition of the mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) in setting renal transplantation has previously been associated with lower human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) DNA burden, and vitro studies suggest that mTOR may lead to HIV transcriptional silencing. Because prospective clinical trials are lacking, we conducted an open-label, single-arm study determine impact broad inhibitor, everolimus, on residual gene expression profiles, immune responses HIV-infected adult solid organ...
An ability to activate latent HIV-1 expression could benefit many HIV cure strategies, but the first generation of latency reversing agents (LRAs) has proven disappointing. We evaluated AKT/mTOR activators as a potential new class LRAs. Two glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors (GSK-3i's), SB-216763 and tideglusib (the latter already in phase II clinical trials) that signaling were tested. These GSK-3i's reactivated present blood samples from aviremic individuals on antiretroviral therapy...
Persistent tissue reservoirs of HIV present a major barrier to cure. Defining subsets infected cells in tissues is focus cure research. Herein, we describe novel multiplexed situ hybridization (ISH) (RNAscope) protocol detect HIV-DNA (vDNA) and HIV-RNA (vRNA) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) human combination with immunofluorescence (IF) phenotyping the cells. We show that IF ISH (mIFISH) suitable for quantitative assessment vRNA vDNA multiparameter allows precise identification...
Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are innate immune involved in regulating both and adaptive functions. LILR show more interspecies conservation than the closely related Killer Ig-like receptors, homologues have been identified rodents, primates, seals chickens. The murine equivalents, paired (PIR), contain two additional immunoglobulin domains, but strong sequence functional similarities to human LILR. bovine genome was recently sequenced, with preliminary annotations...
Identifying biomarkers for cells harboring replication-competent HIV is a major research priority. Recently, there have been mixed reports addressing the possibility that CD32-expressing T are enriched HIV. There growing evidence CD32 expression increases with cellular activation may be related to, but not necessarily specific for, infection However, relationship of to HIV-infection in subtypes tissue-resident leukocytes unclear.First, we used duplex chromogenic situ hybridization identify...
Abstract Background Elite controllers (EC), a small subset of the HIV-positive population (< 1%), suppress HIV viremia below limit quantification clinical viral load assays in absence antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, there is paucity longitudinal data detailing and immune dynamics or reservoir seeding during acute infection individuals that go on to become Controllers. Case presentation In this report, we describe case 42 year old woman diagnosed who rapidly permanently suppressed...
Background.Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired immune responses and increased susceptibility to a number of intracellular pathogens in individuals infected human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).It not known whether such an association exists Cryptococcus neoformans.Methods.Levels 25-hydroxyvitamin (25[OH]D) were measured 150 patients cryptococcal meningitis (CM) HIV-infected controls Cape Town, South Africa, associations between vitamin CM examined.The levels notifications analyzed...
Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) can cause Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) in immunosuppressed individuals. However, little is known about the association between chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), circulating HHV8 DNA levels, and clinical KS HIV-1-infected individuals with various malignancies. Therefore, we examined associations malignancies, systemic cancer chemotherapy, T phenotypes, 29 participants concomitant other diagnoses.We quantified plasma viral loads...
A revised version of Table S1 with additional information can be viewed here: Click here for data file.(479K, tif) [^]