A5091071051- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Plant Molecular Biology Research
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
- Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
- Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology
- Plant Reproductive Biology
- RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
- Plant Disease Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Pathogens and Fungal Diseases
- Protist diversity and phylogeny
- Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Plant Gene Expression Analysis
- Plant Virus Research Studies
- Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Fungal Plant Pathogen Control
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
Max Planck Institute for Biology
2023
KWS Saat (Germany)
2023
Planta
2023
Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology
2015-2021
University of Würzburg
2012-2019
Max Planck Society
2016
Infectious disease is both a major force of selection in nature and prime cause yield loss agriculture. In plants, resistance often conferred by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, intracellular immune receptors that recognize pathogen proteins their effects on the host. Consistent with extensive balancing positive selection, NLRs are encoded one most variable gene families but true extent intraspecific NLR diversity has been unclear. Here, we define nearly complete...
Abstract The handheld Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer generates ultra-long reads with minimal cost and time requirements, which makes sequencing genomes at the bench feasible. Here, we sequence gold standard Arabidopsis thaliana genome (KBS-Mac-74 accession) on sequencer, assemble using typical consumer computing hardware (4 Cores, 16 Gb RAM) into chromosome arms (62 contigs an N50 length of 12.3 Mb). We validate contiguity quality assembly two independent single-molecule technologies,...
Strongyloidiasis is a much-neglected soil born helminthiasis caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. Human derived S. stercoralis can be maintained in dogs laboratory and this parasite has been reported to also occur wild. Some authors have considered strongyloidiasis zoonotic disease while others argued that two hosts carry host specialized populations of play minor role, if any, as reservoir for infections humans. We isolated from humans their rural villages northern Cambodia,...
The selection pressure exerted by herbicides has led to the repeated evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds. on contemporary timescales turn provides an outstanding opportunity investigate key questions about genetics adaptation, particular relative importance adaptation from new mutations, standing genetic variation, or geographic spread adaptive alleles through gene flow. Glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus tuberculatus poses one most significant threats crop yields Midwestern United...
Significance The Venus flytrap Dionaea muscipula has been in the focus of scientists since Darwin’s time. Carnivorous plants, with their specialized lifestyle, including insect capture, as well digestion and absorption prey, developed unique tools to gain scarce nutrients. In this study, we identified molecular nature uptake machinery for prey-derived potassium posttranslational regulation. For first time, our knowledge, functionally characterize DmHAK5 here—a KUP/HAK/KT family member...
Although the concept of botanical carnivory has been known since Darwin's time, molecular mechanisms that allow animal feeding remain unknown, primarily due to a complete lack genomic information. Here, we show transcriptomic landscape Dionaea trap is dramatically shifted toward signal transduction and nutrient transport upon insect feeding, with touch hormone signaling protein secretion prevailing. At same massive induction general defense responses accompanied by repression cell...
Genetic drift is expected to remove polymorphism from populations over long periods of time, with the rate loss being accelerated when species experience strong reductions in population size. Adaptive forces that maintain genetic variation populations, or balancing selection, might counteract this process. To understand extent which natural selection can drive retention diversity, we document genomic variability after two parallel species-wide bottlenecks genus Capsella. We find ancestral...
The nematode Pristionchus pacificus is an established model for integrative evolutionary biology and comparative studies with Caenorhabditis elegans. While existing genome draft facilitated the identification of several genes controlling various developmental processes, its high degree fragmentation complicated virtually all genomic analyses. Here, we present a de novo assembly from single-molecule, long-read sequencing data consisting 135 P. contigs. When combined genetic linkage map, 99%...
The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) is one of the most well-known carnivorous plants because its unique ability to capture small animals, usually insects or spiders, through a snap-trapping mechanism. animals are subsequently killed and digested so that can assimilate nutrients, as they grow in mineral-deficient soils. We deep sequenced cDNA from Dionaea traps obtain transcript libraries, which were used mass spectrometry-based identification proteins secreted during digestion. identified...
Our view of genetic polymorphism is shaped by methods that provide a limited and reference-biased picture. Long-read sequencing technologies, which are starting to nearly complete genome sequences for population samples, should solve the problem—except characterizing making sense non-SNP variation difficult even with perfect sequence data. Here, we analyze 27 genomes Arabidopsis thaliana in an attempt address these issues, illustrate what can be learned analyzing whole-genome data unbiased...
Abstract Theory predicts that the sexes can achieve greater fitness if loci with sexually antagonistic polymorphisms become linked to sex determining loci, and this favor spread of reduced recombination around regions. Given sex-linked regions are frequently repetitive highly heterozygous, few complete Y chromosome assemblies available test these ideas. The guppy system (Poecilia reticulata) has long been invoked as an example formation resulting from sexual conflict. Early genetics studies...
The membrane-bound proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), together with the V-type H+ -ATPase, generates proton motive force that drives vacuolar membrane solute transport. Transgenic plants constitutively overexpressing V-PPases were shown to have improved salinity tolerance, but relative impact of increasing PPi hydrolysis and functions has yet be dissected. For a better understanding molecular processes underlying V-PPase-dependent salt we transiently overexpressed pyrophosphate-driven...
Variation in regulatory DNA is thought to drive phenotypic variation, evolution, and disease. Prior studies of transcription factors across animal species highlighted a fundamental conundrum: Transcription factor binding domains cognate sites are conserved, while sequences not. It remains unclear how conserved dynamic produce expression patterns species. Here, we explore variation its functional consequences within Arabidopsis thaliana, using chromatin accessibility delineate genome-wide....
Plants defend themselves against pathogens by activating an array of immune responses. Unfortunately, immunity programs may also cause unintended collateral damage to the plant itself. The quantitative disease resistance gene ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) serves balance growth and pathogen in natural populations Arabidopsis thaliana. An autoimmune allele, ACD6-Est, which strongly reduces under specific laboratory conditions, is found over 10% wild strains. There is, however, extensive...
Abstract The major resistance gene BvCR4 recently bred into sugar beet hybrids provides a high level of to Cercospora leaf spot caused by the fungal pathogen beticola . occurrence strains that overcome was studied using field trials in Switzerland conducted under natural disease pressure. Virulence subset these evaluated trial elevated artificial We created new C. reference genome and mapped whole sequences 256 isolates collected Germany. These were combined with virulence phenotypes conduct...
Abstract In this study, we aimed to systematically assess the frequency at which potentially deleterious phenotypes appear in natural populations of outcrossing model plant Arabidopsis arenosa, and establish their underlying genetics. For purpose, collected seeds from wild A. arenosa screened over 2,500 plants for unusual greenhouse. We repeatedly found with obvious phenotypic defects, such as small stature necrotic or chlorotic leaves, among first-generation progeny plants. Such abnormal...
Abstract Tardigrades are among the most stress tolerant animals and survived even unassisted exposure to space in low earth orbit. Still, adaptations leading these unusual physiological features remain unclear. Even phylogenetic position of this phylum within Ecdysozoa is Complete genome sequences might help address questions as genomic can be revealed reconstructions based on new markers. Here, we present a first draft species from family Milnesiidae, namely Milnesium tardigradum . We...
Summary Carnivorous Dionaea muscipula operates active snap traps for nutrient acquisition from prey; so what is the role of D. 's reduced root system? We studied capacity nitrogen (N) via traps, and its effect on plant allometry; roots to absorb NO 3 − , NH 4 + glutamine soil solution; fate interaction foliar‐ root‐acquired N. Feeding with insects had little : shoot ratio, but promoted petiole relative trap growth. Large amounts were absorbed upon feeding. The high N uptake was maintained...
Abstract Disease is both among the most important selection pressures in nature and main causes of yield loss agriculture. In plants, resistance to disease often conferred by Nucleotide-binding Leucine-rich Repeat (NLR) proteins. These proteins function as intracellular immune receptors that recognize pathogen their effects on plant. Consistent with evolutionarily dynamic interactions between plants pathogens, NLRs are known be encoded one variable gene families but true extent intraspecific...
Protein kinases play a crucial role in the regulation of cellular processes. Most eukaryotes reserve about 2.5% their genes for protein kinases. We analysed genome single‐celled ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia and identified 2606 kinases, 6.6% its genes, representing largest kinome to date. A gene tree combined with human revealed massive expansion calcium calmodulin regulated subfamily, underlining importance physiology P. . The are embedded only 40 domain architectures, contrasting 134...
Summary Using a functional genomics approach, four candidate genes ( PtGT34A , PtGT34B PtGT34C and PtGT34D ) were identified in Pinus taeda . These encode CAZy family GT34 glycosyltransferases that are involved the synthesis of cell‐wall xyloglucans heteromannans. The full‐length coding sequences three orthologs PrGT34A B C isolated from xylem‐specific cDNA library closely related radiata PrGT34B is ortholog XXT1 XXT2, two main xyloglucan (1→6)‐α‐xylosyltransferases Arabidopsis thaliana...
Abstract New combinations of genetic material brought together through hybridization can lead to unfit offspring as a result outbreeding or inbreeding depression. In selfing plants such Arabidopsis thaliana , depression is typically the pairwise deleterious epistatic interactions between two alleles that geographically co-occur. What remains elusive how often resulting in incompatibilities co-occur natural populations outcrossing plant species. To address this question, we screened over...
Abstract While many evolutionary questions can be answered by short read re-sequencing, presence/absence polymorphisms of genes and/or transposons have been largely ignored in large-scale intraspecific studies. To enable the rigorous analysis such variants, multiple high quality and contiguous genome assemblies are essential. Similarly, while based on reads made genomics accessible for non-reference species, these limitations due to low contiguity. Long-read sequencers long-read technologies...