A5100763130- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Immune Response and Inflammation
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Congenital Anomalies and Fetal Surgery
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Pediatric health and respiratory diseases
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Renal cell carcinoma treatment
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Infant Nutrition and Health
- Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research
University of Vermont
2017-2024
University of Southampton
2024
Geological Survey of Canada
2024
Natural Resources Canada
2024
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases
2021
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
2021
New York Hospital Queens
2021
University of Arizona
2021
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
2020
Tripler Army Medical Center
2020
We introduce PaLM 2, a new state-of-the-art language model that has better multilingual and reasoning capabilities is more compute-efficient than its predecessor PaLM. 2 Transformer-based trained using mixture of objectives. Through extensive evaluations on English language, tasks, we demonstrate significantly improved quality downstream tasks across different sizes, while simultaneously exhibiting faster efficient inference compared to This efficiency enables broader deployment also...
HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) can protect rhesus monkeys against simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge. However, the site of antibody interception and mechanism antibody-mediated protection remain unclear. We administered a fully protective dose bNAb PGT121 to challenged them intravaginally with SHIV-SF162P3. In PGT121-treated animals, we detected low levels viral RNA DNA in distal tissues for seven days following Viral RNA-positive showed...
Influenza A represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.Bacterial complications influenza confer the greatest risk to patients.T H 17 pathway inhibition has been implicated as mechanism by which alters bacterial host defense.Here we show that preceding causes persistent Staphylococcus aureus infection suppression T activation in mice.Influenza does not inhibit S. binding uptake phagocytic cells but instead attenuates induced related antimicrobial peptides necessary...
Suppression of type 17 immunity by I interferon (IFN) during influenza A infection has been shown to enhance susceptibility secondary bacterial pneumonia. Although this mechanism described in coinfection with gram-positive bacteria, it is unclear whether similar mechanisms may impair lung defense against gram-negative infections. Furthermore, precise delineation the duration IFN-associated remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated effects preceding virus on subsequent challenge...
Lewis and secretor histo–blood group antigens (HBGAs) have been associated with decreased susceptibility to P[8] genotype rotavirus (RV) infections. Efficacy of vaccines containing attenuated strains is in low-income countries. Host phenotype might impact vaccine efficacy (VE) by altering vaccination or RV diarrhea (RVD). We performed a substudy monovalent (RV1) trial Bangladesh determine the status on risk RVD VE. In infants randomized receive RV1 no at 10 17 weeks 1 year complete active...
Influenza is a common respiratory virus and Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes secondary pneumonia during influenza infection, leading to increased morbidity mortality. has been found attenuate subsequent Type 17 immunity, enhancing susceptibility bacterial infections. IL-27 known inhibit suggesting potential critical role for in viral co-infection.A murine model of infection was used mimic human viral, co-infection. C57BL/6 wild-type, receptor α knock-out, IL-10 knock-out mice were...
This cohort study examines the association of self-reported postvaccination symptoms with anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibody response among Framingham Heart Study participants contributing to Collaborative Cohort Cohorts for COVID-19 Research study.
Emotional dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and mouse models of MS, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE); however, the etiology these behaviors poorly understood. To identify CNS changes associated with behaviors, we focused on basolateral amygdala (BLA) because its central role regulation emotional behavior. Whole-cell recordings were performed principal neurons BLA early EAE, before demyelination, T-cell invasion, motor dysfunction. EAE female...
Mathematical modeling studies have suggested that pre-emptive school closures alone little overall impact on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but reopening schools in the background of community contact reduction presents a unique scenario has not been fully assessed.We adapted previously published model using information from Shanghai to under various conditions. We investigated different strategies by combining patterns observed between age groups during both baseline and "lockdown" periods. also...
When stimulated through their antigen receptor, without costimulation, T cells enter a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness, termed anergy. B7-mediated signaling via CD28, is sufficient to prevent the induction Here we show that ligation cell receptor (TCR) by alloantigen alone, which results in anergy, activates tyrosine phosphorylation TCR zeta and its association with fyn. In contrast, presence B7 productive immunity, CD3 chains, associate activated lck zeta-associated protein (ZAP)...
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has recently been implemented in Thailand. Its long-term effects have not clearly evaluated. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence lipodystrophy (LD) and other metabolic changes HIV-infected children receiving HAART.Ninety who began HAART (either nevirapine or efavirenz, together with lamivudine stavudine) were prospectively followed. LD assessed by waist-to-hip ratio checklist. Hypercholesterolaemia defined as total...
Influenza is a common respiratory virus that infects between 5 and 20% of the US population results in 30,000 deaths annually. A primary cause influenza-associated death secondary bacterial pneumonia. We have previously shown influenza induces type I interferon (IFN)-mediated inhibition Type 17 immune responses, resulting exacerbation burden during
Oral rotavirus vaccine (RVV) immunogenicity is considerably lower in low- versus high-income populations; however, the mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. Previous evidence suggests that gut microbiota may contribute to differences oral efficacy.
Abstract Measles is a respiratory virus that endemic to humans. Human–nonhuman primate (NHP) transmission of the measles has been shown cause significant morbidity and mortality in NHP populations. We investigated serological evidence exposure two free‐ranging populations macaques at Bukit Timah (BTNR) Central Catchment Nature (CCNR) reserves Singapore Swoyambhu Temple Katmandu, Nepal. At BTNR/CCNR none 38 ( Macaca fascicularis ) sampled were seropositive for antibodies virus. In contrast,...
Influenza is an annual, global health care concern. Secondary bacterial pneumonia a severe complication associated with primary influenza virus infection, often resulting in critical morbidity and mortality. Our laboratory has identified influenza-induced suppression of anti-bacterial Type 17 immunity as mechanism for enhanced susceptibility to super-infection. We have shown that type I interferon impairs activation. STAT1 transcription factor involved signaling, shared by I, II, III...
Rotavirus (RV)-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses following oral RV vaccination are impaired in low-income countries, where the utility of RV-IgA as a correlate protection (CoP) remains unclear. In monovalent vaccine (Rotarix) efficacy trial among infants Dhaka, Bangladesh, we identified factors associated with poor and explored CoP.Infants were randomized to receive Rotarix or no at 10 17 weeks life followed active diarrheal surveillance. concentration, seroconversion, seropositivity...
To compare depression risk among vertically HIV-infected adolescents and matched controls in northern Thailand.The Thai Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) was administered Thailand from 2007 to 2008, as part of a comprehensive quantitative survey that also assessed demographics, substance use, sexual behavior knowledge. A total CDI score ≥15 considered positive screen for possible depression.A 54 cases 165 participated; had significantly lower mean scores (P = .003) fewer screened .046)....
Abstract Background Oral vaccines have lower efficacy in developing compared to developed countries. Poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) may contribute reduced oral vaccine immunogenicity. Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized 2 × factorial trial rural Zimbabwe. Pregnant women their infants were eligible if they lived clusters randomized (1) standard of care (52 clusters); (2) improved infant feeding (53 (3) WASH: ventilated pit latrine, hand-washing stations, liquid soap,...
Purpose. To examine risk-taking behaviors and HIV self-disclosure among vertically HIV-infected adolescents in northern Thailand. Methods. A quantitative survey was conducted from 2007 to 2008 at 2 pediatric clinics Thailand aged ≥13 years, with disclosed status. The assessed sociodemographics, substance use, sexual behavior, peer behaviors, knowledge, attitudes regarding disclosure. Results. Fifty-four (median age 14.6 years) participated; 18.5% reported previous alcohol use but none drug...
Secretor status controls mucosal histo-blood group antigen expression and is associated with susceptibility to rotavirus (RV) diarrhea, nonsecretors less susceptible symptomatic infection. The role of breast milk secretor on oral live-attenuated RV vaccine response in breastfed infants has not been explored. In a monovalent G1P[8] (Rotarix) trial Bangladesh, RV-specific plasma immunoglobulin A antibody seroconversion rates were higher among maternal (39%) than secretors (23%; P = .001)....