A5059485160- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- GDF15 and Related Biomarkers
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Coenzyme Q10 studies and effects
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Extracellular vesicles in disease
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
University of Auckland
2016-2024
Maurice Wilkins Centre
2018-2024
Monash University
2011-2021
Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
2011-2021
ETH Zurich
2014-2020
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
2015-2019
Metabo (Switzerland)
2017
The University of Melbourne
2009-2010
University of Otago
2008-2009
Abstract D -Glucosamine (GlcN) is a freely available and commonly used dietary supplement potentially promoting cartilage health in humans, which also acts as an inhibitor of glycolysis. Here we show that GlcN, independent the hexosamine pathway, extends Caenorhabditis elegans life span by impairing glucose metabolism activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK/AAK-2) increases mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with concept mitohormesis, GlcN promotes increased formation reactive oxygen...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) regulate exercise-induced nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2 (NFE2L2) expression in skeletal muscle. NFE2L2 is required for acute increases muscle mitochondrial biogenesis genes, such as respiratory 1 (NRF-1) transcription A, anti-oxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD)1, SOD2 catalase. Following exercise training mice with impaired have reduced performance, energy expenditure, volume activity. In cells, ROS NO can via a NFE2L2/NRF-1-dependent...
Abstract Healthy aging can be promoted by enhanced metabolic fitness and physical capacity. Mitochondria are chief organelles with strong implications in that also coordinate broad physiological functions, part, using peptides encoded within their independent genome. However, mitochondrial-encoded factors actively regulate unknown. Here, we report MOTS-c significantly enhance performance young (2 mo.), middle-age (12 old (22 mo.) mice. (i) nuclear genes, including those related to metabolism...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression via transcript degradation and translational inhibition, they may also function as long distance signaling molecules. Circulatory miRNAs are either protein-bound or packaged within vesicles (exosomes). Ten young men (24.6 ± 4.0 yr) underwent a single bout of high-intensity interval cycling exercise. Vastus lateralis biopsies plasma were collected immediately before after exercise, well 4 h following the exercise bout. Twenty-nine previously...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during exercise are considered integral for the health-promoting effects of exercise. However, precise mechanisms by which and ROS promote metabolic health remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that skeletal muscle NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), is induced after exercise, facilitates ROS-mediated adaptive responses function, maintain redox balance, prevent development insulin resistance. Conversely, reductions in NOX4 aging obesity contribute to deletion...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction, there is evidence that they do so via interaction with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this study, we tested hypothesis ROS NO regulate contraction an AMPK-independent mechanism. Isolated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) soleus muscles from mice expressed a muscle-specific dead AMPKalpha2 isoform (AMPK-KD) wild-type litter mates (WT) were...
Key points Reactive oxygen‐based molecules generated within muscle fibres in both exercise and pathological conditions can greatly affect function. These consequent reactions lead to either decreased or increased force response by the contractile proteins, but mechanisms are unknown. This study demonstrates that increase appears be due a specific chemical process, known as S‐ glutathionylation, of particular cysteine residue present on troponin I molecule fast‐twitch fibres, which is...
Hypohydration exacerbates cardiovascular and thermal strain can impair exercise capacity in temperate warm conditions. Yet, athletes often dehydrate exercise, are hypervolaemic have less sensitivity to acute hypervolaemia. We tested the hypothesis that trained individuals cardiovascular, thermoregulatory performance affect of hypohydration during exercise.After familiarization, six [VO(2 peak) = 64 (SD 8) mL kg(-1) min(-1)] untrained [O(2 45 (4) males cycled 40 min at 70%O(2 while euhydrated...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 can promote signaling through the inactivation of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, in obesity, generation ROS exceeds antioxidant reserve and contribute to promotion insulin resistance. Glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) is an enzyme that eliminates H2O2. Here, we have used Gpx1(-/-) mice assess impact oxidative stress on glucose homeostasis context obesity.Gpx1(-/-) fed obesogenic high-fat diet for 12 weeks exhibited systemic...
The expansion of myogenic progenitors (MPs) in the adult muscle stem cell niche is critical for regeneration skeletal muscle. Activation quiescent MPs depends on dismantling basement membrane and increased access to growth factors such as fibroblast factor-2 (FGF2). Here, we demonstrate using microRNA (miRNA) profiling mouse human myoblasts that capacity FGF2 stimulate myoblast proliferation mediated by miR-29a. induces miR-29a expression inhibition pharmacological or genetic deletion...
Measurement of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration requires invasive biopsy to obtain a sample. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) protein content appears reflect training status in young men; however, no studies have investigated whether there are training-induced changes PBMC respiration. Therefore, we determined could be used as marker healthy men and responds short-term training. Skeletal samples from 10 (18–35 yr) male participants were taken before after 2-wk high-intensity...
Small regulatory peptides encoded within the mitochondrial genome (mitochondrial-derived peptides) have been shown to cellular cyto- and metabolo-protective roles that parallel those of exercise. Here we provide evidence humanin SHLP6 are exercise-sensitive derived peptides. Studies determine whether mitochondrial-derived play a role in regulating exercise-induced adaptations warranted.
What is the central question of this study? Does short-term high-intensity interval training alter composition microbiome and associated with exercise-induced improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness insulin sensitivity? main finding its importance? Although increased sensitivity cardiovascular fitness, it did not microbiome. This suggests that changes occur prolonged exercise might be response to metabolic health rather than driving training-induced adaptations.Regular reduces risk...
Mitochondria putatively regulate the aging process, in part, through small regulatory peptide, mitochondrial open reading frame of 12S rRNA-c (MOTS-c) that is encoded by genome. Here we investigated regulation MOTS-c plasma and skeletal muscle healthy men. Circulating reduced with age, but older (70-81 y) middle-aged (45-55 men had ~1.5-fold higher expression than young (18-30 y). Plasma levels only correlated men, was associated markers slow-type muscle, improved quality group (maximal...
The role of mitochondrial ROS in signalling muscle adaptations to exercise training has not been explored detail. We investigated the effect supplementation with mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ on a) skeletal and gene transcriptional response acute high-intensity b) content function following training. In a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel design study, 23 untrained men (age: 44 ± 7 years, VO2peak: 39.6 7.9 ml/kg/min) were randomised receive either (20 mg/d) or...